The Rhetorical Analysis Of Otto Plaths Father - 1224 Words

The speaker continues to address her father directly, commenting â€Å"You stand at the blackboard, daddy,† while looking at a picture she owns of him. This also connects back to the actual Otto Plath, who was a professor at Boston University. In the picture, the father has â€Å"A cleft in your chin instead of your foot† which references how the devil has cleft feet. She sees that he is â€Å"But no less a devil for that, no not† and that she sees him as the devil. Plath uses enjambment when she ends the line with â€Å"no not/Any less the black man who///Bit my pretty red heart in two.† he description of her heart being â€Å"bit in two† brings up an image of a heart being broken or split in half, just as the enjambment splits up the idea between the lines and†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"Meinkampf† look refers to Hitler’s autobiography â€Å"Mein Kampf† and just like she saw Hitler and the Nazis in her father, this new man has the same look, and serves as a living substitute for her to hate. Not only is this man like a Nazi, he also has â€Å"a love of the rack and the screw.† The rack is a torture device designed to pull the limbs of the victim, and the â€Å"screw† refers to a thumbscrew. Like her father, this man is a â€Å"brute† who is violent and powerful, and like the women she previously criticized, she falls in love with him, a fascist because â€Å"Every woman adores a Fascist.† She continues, â€Å"And I said I do, I do.† marrying him and saying the wedding vows. She then addresses her father, saying â€Å"So daddy, I’m finally through./The black telephone’s off at the root,/The voices just can’t worm through.† Although she marries a man based off her father, she believes that she has finally escaped him. The color black, which she has used to describe her father, and her husband, and now the phone, evokes images of dea th. She describes the telephone to communicate with her father as being â€Å"off at the root,† which references how she previously could never find his foot or root, but is now content with ending her search. The use of â€Å"worms† also relates back to the idea of death, and how there are most likely worms around his grave, but these worms will not affect herShow MoreRelatedMutilating Self Into Spirit: Sylvia Plaths Poems.4131 Words   |  17 PagesSylvia Plath’s poems: Translation of the self into spirit, after an ordeal of mutilation. Introduction of the poems and the essay: * â€Å"Daddy† Sylvia Plath uses her poem, â€Å"Daddy†, to express intense emotions towards her father’s life and death and her disastrous relationship with her husband. The speaker in this poem is Sylvia Plath who has lost her father at age ten, at a time when she still adored him unconditionally. Then she gradually realizes the oppressing dominance of her father, and comparesRead MorePoem Analysis of Lady Lazarus by Sylvia Plath3011 Words   |  13 PagesPoem Analysis: Lady Lazarus In American culture, suicide is considered to be one of the darkest taboos. It has the particular quality of being equally gripping and repulsive. Although suicide is seen as overtly morbid, gruesome and disturbing, it has made many people famous. Sylvia Plath, the illustrious 20th century poetess, is one of them. Sylvia Plath was born on October 27th, 1932 of two parents in a middleclass household in Boston. At a very young age, she demonstrated great literary talent

Criticism And Analysis Of Puddn Head Wilson - 800 Words

Criticism and Analysis of Puddn’head Wilson In American history, we have good authors, great authors and some bad. One of the most famous authors and probably the greatest that everyone has heard of is Mark Twain. Twain was an American author and humorist in American Literature. Twain was born in Florida, Missouri, on November 30, 1835. In his first writing, he adopted his pen-name from a well-known call of the man sounding the river in shallow places. In 1861 he went to Carson City, Nevada, as secretary to his brother. For two years he edited papers and moved from place to place. In 1867 he visited France, Italy and Palestine. Twains two greatest masterpieces, Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn were drawn from his childhood experiences and the life on the Mississippi frontier. Mark Twain has a legacy as an American author because of his books like Huckleberry Fin and Pudd’nhead Wilson. He put his self in the American popular culture of literature. Twains novels and stories are popular in the media. His work has been remade into comic strips, children’s films, and cartoons. His image and his words have also figured in commercial advertising campaigns. He is one of the greatest. Geneva Cobb Moore is a former Scholar of American and African American Literature at the University of Ghana and Professor of English and Women s Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater. Caucasia’s migrating bodies: lessons in American history and postmodernism is an article written by

Introduction to Epidemiology-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Calculate the sensitivity and specificity of pooled ear notch PCR, using the AC-ELISA results as your gold standard. 2.Initially your gold standard for pooled ear notch PCR was AC-ELISA tests on individual animals, and herds were classified as infected if at least one cow tested positive on AGID. If you changed your gold-standard definition, classifying a herd as infected if at least two cows tested positive on AC-ELISA, how might that affect your evaluation of the ear-notch PCR 3.Assume that about 15% of the 500 herds in your region are infected with BVD a.What would the predictive value of a pooled ear-notch PCR test be for the region? b.What is the probability that a herd testing negative in your region is actually uninfected? Answers: 1.Sensitivity defines the ability of classify correctly of a test on a disease of an individual. Mathematically expressed as Sensitivity= a/a+c where a is true positive, and a+c is true positive + true negative. The result gives the probability of an individual or animal being tested positive in case of the presence of a disease. Using the provided statistics; the sensitivity = 68/68+11 =0.883 which is equivalent to 88.3%. This means the probability of the BVD disease of the herds of 97 cattle was 88.3% attack level. Specificity tests if an individual or an animal is free from a disease. It helps in the identification and correct testing to ascertain that an individual is not suffering from a disease Specificity is mathematically expressed as d/b+d where d=true negative, b+d= true negative+ false positive. From specificity calculations, the probability of being tested negative for a disease in an individual or animal is determined. From the given data, the specificity is calculated as; 20/20+11=0.645 which is equivalent to 64.5%. This means 64.5% of the beef cattle tested disease free of BVD on AC-ELISA test. 2.A hypothetically ideal gold standard definition test would always give a return of 100% on the sensitivity with regard to the prevailing disease that is under test(Howlett, 2013). This it does by identifying all the animals using a proper defined disease processes and does not give any false-negative results. Such a gold standard test also offers 100% of specificity. Such specificity does not identify an individual to be suffering from a condition that he does not suffer from in the real sense. In other words such specificity does not offer any false-positive results. This is not the normally observable gold standard tests available in practice but instead imperfect standards. By changing the gold standard test from classifying a herd as infected if one cow is infected to two cows to be classified as infected, the accuracy of the gold standard test on the evaluation of the ear-notch PCR would be compromised(Howlett, 2013). By increasing the number of animals that would determine positive classification for infection, the test would not be analyzing individual animals. This would translate to wholesome interpretation and conclusion thereby lowering the accuracy of the gold standard test. An ideal gold standard test returns 100% on both specificity and sensitivity. These returns are only achievable if the tests are done on each and every animal from the herd in which the evaluation was being conducted. An increase in the number of animals that is used in the classification of a positive result of either of the test does not allow for proper identification and study of an animal in the possible aspects and disease processes(Jekel, 2015). The chances of falsely identifying an animal with a disease or condition it does not have is increased if the number of animals is increased that is as the number of animals are increased, the level of accuracy of the gold standard test decreases. 3.The predictive values are either positive or negative. Positive predictive values indicate the number of animals from the herd that actually have the BVD disease while negative predictive values determines the number of animals from the region that have tested negative and do not have the disease in their bodies. Positive predictive value, PPV=a/a+b where a is true positive a+b is true positive+ false positive using the provided statistics once again for the calculations; the true positive is 15% of 500 animals=75 animals 75/75+425=0.15 which is an equivalent of 15%. This means a probability of 0.15 of a positive test if any one of the 500 animals in the region would be tested for BVD disease. b.The probability of a herd from the 500 animals testing negative is actually uninfected is determined by calculating the negative predictive value of the population which is estimated from the expression; NPV= d/c+d where d is true negative, c+d is false negative + true negative =425/75+425 =0.85 which in an equivalent of 85% of the animals. It means 85% of the 500 animals would test negative and would actually be uninfected in case a test is done. References Howlett, B. (2013). Evidence Based Practice for Health Professionals. New York: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Jekel, J. F. (2015). Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences.

Realism And Theatre Essays - Films, Drama, 19th-century Theatre

Realism And Theatre Realism is the movement toward representing reality as it is, in art. Realistic drama is an attempt to portray life on stage, a movement away from the conventional melodramas and sentimental comedies of the 1700s. It is expressed in theatre through the use of symbolism, character development, stage setting and storyline and is exemplified in plays such as Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House and Anton Chekhov's The Three Sisters. The arrival of realism was indeed good for theatre as it promoted greater audience involvement and raised awareness of contemporary social and moral issues. It also provided and continues to provide a medium through which playwrights can express their views about societal values, attitudes and morals. A Doll's House is the tragedy of a Norwegian housewife who is compelled to challenge law, society and her husband's value system. It can be clearly recognized as a realistic problem drama, for it is a case where the individual is in opposition to a hostile society. Ibsen's sympathy with the feminine cause has been praised and criticized; as he requires the audience to judge the words and actions of the characters in order to reassess the values of society. The characters in A Doll's House are quite complex and contradictory, no longer stereotypes. In Act II, Nora expresses her repulsion about a fancy dress worn to please Torvald (her husband): "I wish I'd torn it to pieces"; she attempts to restore it and resign herself to her situation right after: "I'll ask Mrs Linde to help". In Act III, Torvald ignores his wife's plea for forgiveness in order to make a moral judgement: "You've killed my happiness.You've destroyed my future". "I can never trust you again." Later on in the same act, he contradicts himself: "I'll change. I can change-"; much after Nora confronts him: "Sit here, Torvald. We have to come to terms". "...There's a lot to say". Here, Ibsen shows us he has worked in depth with the psychology of the characters, giving them a sense of complexity and realism. Playgoers therefore recognize the revelation of characters through memory. Thus drama became an experience closely impinging on the conscience of the audience. Ibsen was also unique for his use of symbolism to assist realism on stage. Symbolic significance is presented through the detail of design, props and actions of the characters. For example, in Act III, Nora goes offstage to get changed; "I'm changing. No more fancy dress". It is a symbolic representation of her personal change, one where she has come to the realization that she has been living the life of a doll, confined to the roles of a "featherbrain", "plaything", "dove", "skylark" and "songbird". Thus, symbolism enhanced realism, and its effect can be seen as positive in the sense that it stirred conscious awareness of values. The stage settings of A Doll's House are an integral part of the theatrical design, and not mere d?cor to be overlooked. The setting in Act II; "...the Christmas tree stands stripped of its decorations and with its candles burnt to stumps" is symbolic of the lack of happiness in Nora's life at that moment. Also the change of setting in Act III; "The tables and chairs have been moved centre" foreshadows a character change that will take place in Nora. The many references to doors also have significance beyond the stage directions. The play begins with the opening of the door and finishes with the "slamming" of the door. Nora enters the doll's house with the values of society and departs from it, symbolizing her rejection of them. All these intricacies of play settings and characters depict realism on stage. Ultimately, it has been good for theatre because it presents the playwright's ideas in interesting and original ways. Realism, as expressed through symbolism, also draws the attention of the audience, thus stimulating moral thought, and stirring reaction. Realism is also defined as art-imitating life (source). This is a fitting account of Anton Chekhov's plays, for they tend to show the stagnant, helpless quality of Russian society in the late C19th. Quite evident in The Three Sisters, when Tuzenbakh illustrates realism; "The suffering we see around us these days - and there's plenty of it - is at least a sign that society has reached a certain moral level." Hence, while the portrayal of life here seemed 'gloomy and pessimestic', it was still good for theatre in that it presented issues which audiences could identify with. It was also more intellectual theatre when the playwright could express their views, compared with the conventional

Business and ethics essay part 2

Business and ethics essay part 2 Business and ethics essay part 2 Business and ethics essay part 2Business and ethics   essay part  1Joe Stratford, the narrator of the book was the average realtor before he has got acquainted with Marcus Burns. Joe was quite successful but Marcus has increased his ambitions enormously and raised his egoism into Joe. Joe led a routine life before he has got acquainted with Marcus, who opened the world of great opportunities for Joe, who has already been quite a prosperous person.In such a way, the egoism of the main character has proved to be stronger than his reason. At any rate, in pursuit of even greater wealth he agrees to the partnership of Marcus, which he expected to bring him exorbitant profits. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that Joe was just the mere puppet in hands of Marcus, who used him to make the deal and launch the partnership, which he believed to be prospective and potentially beneficial.Even though Marcus pretends to be friendly with Joe, as his business partner, he apparently does not care about anyone but himself as is the case of the main characters of Glengarry Glen Ross. The egoism of Marcus, as the milestone of his ethics and system of values, becomes obvious, when the partnership’s failure becomes obvious. In fact, the business run by Marcus and Joe is apparently falling apart and future prospects of the company are questionable. In such a situation, Marcus flees and takes all the money of the company with him. In such a way, he betrays his business partner and flees leaving Joe no hope for survival of their business anymore.In such a situation, the egoism of Marcus is obvious and he does not care about anyone but himself. He is apparently aware that he pushes Joe right into the abyss of bankruptcy but still he steals the money and just runs away.On the other hand, Joe is not as good as it may seem to be compared to Marcus. In fact, Joe is driven by the same egoistic concerns as Marcus is and he looks good for readers just because he is not as bad or evil as Marcus is. In this regard, he is just a good among the worst but he is definitely not good in moral terms. For instance, Joe has a love affair with Felicity, a married daughter of his mentor. Obviously, this love affair is a betrayal of his mentor but still Joe puts his personal interests, needs and wants above moral norms and laws. He easily violates them and proves to be a good student of Marcus, who teaches him to do business and live in the world of great opportunities. However, opportunities turn out to be open for the worst and most immoral persons, like Marcus because they take every opportunity regardless of the moral background of their actions. In this regard, egoism is the major, if not to say, the only moral criterion for them. What is good for the main characters of Good Faith at the moment is moral.At the same time, it is still important to place emphasis on the fact that Joe is not absolutely bad. Instead, he used to be good in a way, before he has got acquainted with Marcus. Joe was quite good. At any rate, he recognizes that he grew up in a religious family, where he learned basic moral norms of Christian community but he did not really care about them. On the other hand, he has not violated those moral norms openly before Marcus has arrived. In this regard, it is quite symbolic that his love affair with Felicity starts after his acquaintance with Marcus, as if Marcus has corrupted Joe and made him slipping to the wrong way and immoral lifestyle.In such a way, Marcus and other puppeteers from the film, like Moss, are immoral agents, who are ready to act immorally to meet their egoistic ambitions and goals. In fact, they pursue their personal interests and benefits but they turn out to be contagious in their egoism and the strife for their personal well-being regardless of needs and interests of other people. On following their lead, their puppets, like Joe, Levene and others, also turn out to be highly egoistic and pursuing their own well-being with disregard to the well-being of other people or to existing moral norms and standards.Thus, egoism turns out to be the mainstream ethical theoretical framework which determines the life, actions and decisions taken by the main characters of the film Glengarry Glen Ross and the book Good Faith. The main characters of the book and the film are quite different. Some of them look to be quite good at first, as is the case of Joe or Levene. However, under the impact of evil geniuses, like Marcus or Moss, even those characters, who seem to be good, turn out into immoral characters, who violate existing moral and ethical norms and are ready to violate legal norms and rules. In this regard, puppeteers, like Moss and Marcus, stand on the egoistic ground and view their well-being as the only moral criterion for their decisions and actions and they teach this philosophy to other characters. Remarkably, other characters learn this lesson fast and also slip to the immoral way of life. Symbolically, both the director of the film and the author of the book show that their egoistic way of life is the way to nowhere since their egoism brings them no good. On the contrary, in their pursuit of the personal well-being and success, the main characters become absolutely corrupted and ready to violate not only moral but also legal norms and rules.

75 Synonyms for Cheat, Fraud, or Trickery

75 Synonyms for Cheat, Fraud, or Trickery 75 Synonyms for â€Å"Cheat,† â€Å"Fraud,† or â€Å"Trickery† 75 Synonyms for â€Å"Cheat,† â€Å"Fraud,† or â€Å"Trickery† By Mark Nichol Human beings have developed cheating, fraud, and trickery into such a high art (or, more accurately, a low one) that, in English at least, we’ve created an extensive and colorful vocabulary to describe such activity. Here is an exhaustive but incomplete list of synonyms in noun and/or verb form for cheat, fraud, and trickery. 1. Bamboozle: to deceive or undermine 2. Beat: to cheat 3. Beguile: to deceive or trick (or to lure) 4. Bilk: one who defrauds; to defraud (or evade or frustrate) 5. Bleed: to be the victim of extortion 6. Blind: see subterfuge 7. Bluff: an act of deception or misdirection; or to undertake such an act 8. Buffalo: to deceive 9. Bunco: a game or scheme designed to cheat someone 10. Burn: to deceive 11. Chicanery: deception 12. Chisel: to engage in unfair practices 13. Chouse: to cheat or trick 14. Con: one who cheats or manipulates, or an act or operation to that end; to cheat or manipulate (from confidence) 15. Cozenage: fraud (the verb form is cozen) 16. Craft: cunning (usually employed in the adjectival form crafty) 17. Crib: a method or device for cheating on a test; to cheat, or to have the habit of cheating, in this manner 18. Diddle: see swindle (verb form only) 19–20. Do (or do in): to cheat 21. Doctor: to alter or modify deceptively 22. Dodge: an act of deceit or a trick; to deceive or trick 23. Dupe: one who fools another, or the act of fooling (as dupery, the act of fooling or the condition of being fooled); to deceive or trick 24. Duplicity: using words or actions to deceive 25. End run: an evasive maneuver or trick 26. Euchre: to cheat or trick (also the name of a card game) 27. Feint: a fake attack or blow intended to distract the target from a real assault; to make such a move 28. Fiddle: see swindle (British English; also, also, to deceive by altering or manipulating) 29. Fix: an act or instance of influencing illegally or improperly; to influence illegally or improperly 30. Fleece: to perpetrate extortion or fraud (or to charge excessively) 31. Flimflam: fraud or deceit; or to subject someone to fraud or deceit 32. Front: an entity ostensibly responsible for something but masking the identity of the entity actually engaging in an endeavor; to act as the masking agent 33. Fudge: to fake or to go beyond the bounds of proper conduct 34. Gammon: deceitful talk; to deceive or fake 35. Gaff: a fraud, trick, or gimmick; to deceive or trick or set up a fraud or trick 36. Gull: one who is easy deceived (the root of gullible); to deceive 37. Gyp: one who cheats or deceives, or an act of cheating or deception; to cheat 38 Have on: to deceive or trick (British English) 39. Hoax: an act of deception, or something intended to deceive; to trick into accepting or believing something false 40. Hose: to cheat or trick 41. Humbug: something intended to deceive, or a deceptive person or attitude (also, nonsense); to deceive 42. Hustle: the act of deception to obtain or sell something; to use deception to obtain or sell something, or to lure others to gamble 43. Jig: a trick 44. Jugglery: deception or trickery; in verb form (juggle), to deceive or trick 45. Legerdemain: to deceive by distraction or misleading (literally, â€Å"sleight of hand†) 46. Mulct: to defraud or obtain by fraud (also, a fine, or to fine) 47. Nobble: to cheat (especially, in British English, by drugging a racehorse) 48. Pluck: see fleece 49. Put on: an act of deception or trickery (the noun form is hyphenated); to deceive or trick 50. Ream: to cheat 51. Rip off: an act of cheating or fraud (the noun form is hyphenated); to cheat or defraud (or to steal or copy) 52. Rook: to defraud 53. Scam: a deceptive or fraudulent act or operation; to deceive or defraud by such action 54. Screw: to extort or trick (also, to pressure or threaten) 55. Shake down: an act of obtaining money deceptively (the noun form is a closed compound); to obtain money deceptively 56. Sham: a trick (also, hypocrisy, or a counterfeit or imitation) 57. Shell game: see thimblerig 58. Short: see shortchange 59. Shortchange: to cheat by giving less than is due, or to cheat in general 60. Skin: see fleece 61. Skulduggery: devious behavior 62. Skunk: to cheat or fail to pay 63. Snooker: to cheat 64. Snow: to deceive (or charm or persuade) 65. Sophistry: argument or reasoning intended to deceive 66. Squeeze: to extort, or obtain by extorting 67. Stick: to cheat or to overcharge or trick into paying more 68. Stiff: to cheat by refusing or failing to pay 69. Sting: an act of cheating or charging excessively; to cheat or charge excessively 70. Subterfuge: trickery to conceal or evade 71. Sucker: one who is easily cheated or deceived; to cheat or deceive 72. Swindle: an act of deception or fraud to obtain something; to obtain something by deceit or fraud 73. Smoke screen: something intended to conceal or deceive 74. Thimblerig: a trick in which a small object is moved among three overturned cups and someone attempts to identify the cup it ends up under, or the person who performs the trick; to cheat this way or in general 75. Wile: a deceitful trick (also, one that is merely clever or playful), or skill in luring or tricking others (in the sense of luring, often plural) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Cost-Effective vs. Cost-Efficient10 Techniques for More Precise Writing48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids

Webmonkey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Webmonkey - Essay Example The reason for the involvement of General Managers may be summarized as follows: Initiatives by IT managers become advantageous for the company when general managers show their participation for facilitating business processes, global expansion and initiation of new business ventures. The overall nature of business ventures has been changed with the advent of IT. â€Å"The IT and its costs are starting to make integral part of enterprise day by day.† (Balloni, 2010) Business environments have now become socio technical environments with the inclusion of IT in their domain. The usability of information is highly dependent upon how the information is managed. The collection, distribution and timely usage of information results in substantial usage and also enhances usability. Websites are often the key input arenas for businesses. Their usability is essential for businesses to enhance their customer retention. For a website to be managed properly it is essential that its architecture is structured properly. The structuring and management of a website is often referred to as information management. The structuring of information architecture cannot be completed unless essential correspondence is maintained by the business itself. Initiating with setting up of goals for the website and the scope and requirement of the organization, the audiences of the proposed web portal are assessed. It is extremely integral that the information required by audiences in incorporated within the

The Kyoto Protocol and the Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Kyoto Protocol and the Environment - Essay Example Basically, global warming is a negative environmental phenomenon that can lead to serious environmental problems, such as destruction of the environment, loss of biodiversity, and pollution. According to environmentalist Richard Dahl, global warming is an environmental problem that leads to a rise in world temperatures that is caused by the concentration of greenhouse emission gases in air (Dahl). This rise in temperatures will lead to melting of snow Mountains, which will increase sea levels (Dahl). Therefore, most environmentalists around the world agree that greenhouse gases are the primary reason behind the intensification of the global warming problem in the world. In his book, which is entitled "Global Warming: The Complete Briefing," John Houghton explains that the concentration of carbon dioxide in high air levels is the main source of global warming (Houghton, p.10). The increase in world temperatures has deadly diseases in many creatures and human beings, leading to the los s of biodiversity. As asserted by many environmentalists, the rise in temperatures has already led to â€Å"a devastating decline in coral cover, which caused a parallel decline in fish biodiversity, both in marine reserves and in areas open to fishing. Over 75% of reef fish species have declined in abundance, and 50% have declined to less than half of their original numbers† (Jones et al.). Therefore, global warming is a detrimental phenomenon that will lead to the disappearance of large parts of sea shores. Any attempt to effectively combat this phenomenon should work hard on minimizing the emission of greenhouse gases, which are the primary reason behind the increase in world temperatures.

Edward II Essay Example for Free

Edward II Essay Throughout Edward II, Marlowe uses a variety of stimulating techniques to present the drama as a history play. Marlowe manages to use the tradition of the chronicle or history play and develop it further producing an extremely compelling, unique piece of work. It is a play which on one hand shows structural affinities with the chronicle plays, in that it has a stirring plot with a rapid flow of incident and plenty of variety while on the other hand it has points of contact with tragedy in its attempts to show on stage heart-rending scenes filled with passionate utterances, deep pathos and high tragic dignity. This can be seen in Act four, scene two where the pace quickens as Marlowe deviates between countries. We see Edward receiving the news that Isabella, Mortimer, Kent and the young prince Edward are collecting an army in Hainault to attack on King Edward: Ah villains, hath that Mortimer escaped? With him is Edmund gone associate? And will sir John of Hainault lead the round? Marlowe therefore states historical moments, which did actually occur, but real, human, affectionate feelings are also shown from Edward, which makes the drama so much more intriguing. Also, in this scene the importance of Prince Edward continues to grow in a carefully controlled way. In the midst of Edwards anger and warlike preparations, Marlowe now has him spare a moment to think kindly of his son, whom he describes as a little boy: Ah, nothing grieves me but my little boy If thus misled to countenance their ills. Here, Marlowe shows the sentimental, humane feelings of Edward, human emotions we usually do not experience in history plays. In Edward II it is therefore made clear that the characters not only sustain its plot but also carry the emotional burden of the play. He has struck a balance between a plot whose events are directed by its hero and one, which develops independently of him and reacts upon him. The historical evidence is presented in a form that is dramatic and vivid in our minds therefore producing a thought-provoking, emotional drama.

The Media and Mad Cow Disease :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The Media and Mad Cow Disease Mad cow disease or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy is a disease that was commonly found in sheep until it recently crossed the species barrier into cows, where it began to infect people. At least that's what the media told us. Scientists like Joe Gibbs of the National Institute of Neurology in Bethesda, MD-on the other hand-are saying meat itself only carries a "minimal" risk of infection, and milk and dairy products are safe. Now for a little history on Mad Cow Disease: It was a disease prevalent in sheep for hundreds of years (Scrapie) and then it crossed the species border and appeared in cattle in Britain about 15 years ago where it is known as Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or BSE. Mad Cow Disease is just a nickname-the cows do not actually go mad. The British government just recently decided that it has crossed another species barrier and appeared in humans as a disease known as Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease or CJD. CJD is a fatal, degenerative brain disease which takes from 2 to 30 years to incubate. There is currently no cure and in 90% of cases the infected person will die within a year. In the past year ten British people have contracted a variant of CJD apparently related to BSE; eight have already died. The World Health Organization (WHO) produced a fact sheet on the risk of BSE in humans on March 26, 1996. Their main conclusion is that "if the measures taken in the United Kingdom...were being strictly implemented, the risk of...possible BSE transmission to humans, would be minimized." The media has something else to say about this issue. Warnings throughout local news broadcasts and newspapers were saying that Mad Cow Disease was a serious threat. One article I found on the Internet called Mad Cow Disease "much more serious than AIDS." The heavily footnoted article finished with the challenge: "Do not take my word for any of this. Go to the library; check out Agricola, Medline, Biosis, Cab Extracts, the on-line catalog, anything. Time is of the essence." The web site that published it was an independent student-run magazine from Cornell University in Ithaca, NY. It had been published in 1994, well before the crisis in Britain. It was written by Michael Greger who had been a junior at Cornell when he wrote it and is now a medical student at Tufts University School of Medicine.

Automobiles: Symbol of Status Essay

As I roamed around the campus and interviewed people, asking questions with regard to automobiles, I realized that people from UP Baguio perceive things differently and diversely. Of all the answers that I gathered from different sectors of UP Baguio, from the students, faculties and even staffs this statement was the most strucking for me. One of our sanitary janitors told me † Alam mo, ang tao nahahati lang naman yan sa dalawa e. Yung mga taong meron at yung mga taong wala- yung mga taong may kotse at yung mga taong wala nito. At kung tatanungin mo ako kung importante ang pagkakaroon ng lugan (kotse), ang sagot ko ay oo, dahil kung may kotse ka ibig sabihin nun angat ka at nakalampas ka na sa pagiging mahirap. † Overview: Cars as status symbol before and now. From earliest times, people have felt a need to set themselves apart from others in the society in which they live. As Weber would put, it is status that sets as from others and thus it is through evaluation of other people where we can find our place in the society. By this, often this competitive desire takes the shape of acquiring material items to symbolize one’s uniqueness. These â€Å"status symbols† can come in many shapes and sizes. This paper primarily would talk about automobiles (particularly cars) as a mark of distinction and as a status symbol. Since cars have long been another common status symbol. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the automobile has been one of the most powerful and pervasive status symbols (Brown, 1998). This paper aims to answer two things 1.) Can cars be considered as a status symbol in the UPB community? 2. ) How does one define and associate cars into ones status? Randomly, I interviewed different people in the academe; it may be a student, teachers and staffs. I decided not to limit myself into just one sector of the university for this can result to hasty generalizations. I have interviewed them in a manner by which I can get their idea with regard to their view of considering cars as status symbol and how it is reflective with their classes in the society. En masse the students, teachers and staffs of UPB community considered cars as a status symbol. Surprisingly, the general idea behind cars as status symbol comes from varied point of views of all the individuals within the different academe of the UPB community. Generally, having an automobile is a symbol of one’s success in the UPB community. More definitively, it is a two way perception of owning a car. The intention of the consumer owning a car, to show a distinction and power, and the counteraction of the community involved of one individual owning a car. During the interview, there are different views and perspectives with regard on the association of a car into his/ her status. Generally, the data I gathered boils down into one answer. Their answer â€Å"it depends on what car. † In a nutshell the people I’ve talked to considerer the model of the car in defining their status. One would say that † e kung ang kotse ko e ung mga parang fx lang na mga taxi†¦ instead na iangat nya ako, pinapababa niya ang status ko. † Through this statement instead of a car being a status symbol for those who have, it became a status symbol for the have-nots. In another statement, â€Å"ako kung bibili ako ng kotse, gusto ko yung magiging pogi ako pag nakasakay ako dun†¦ kahit mahirap lang ako.. igagapang kong magkaroon ng magarang sasakyan. † This assertion is a manifestation of spending of money for and the acquiring of luxury goods and services to publicly display economic power thus a conspicuous consumer for that matter. In today’s car market, the options of status cars are seemingly endless. The choices are vast, going from a foreign sports car to an American SUV. The SUV has been described as â€Å"the most ostentatious popular product of car culture† (Morewood,2007). The size of the SUV alone makes it a very visible status symbol. Through this, there are many ways to associate cars into ones status. It may depend on the car’, its brand, performance and its seating capacity too. The lesser the passenger, the more classy your car is. With regard to class, according to the simple interviews it came out the even those people who perceived themselves as lower class find it needy to have a car, not because they want it for display but rather for its function for transport. As to the middle class, as we can see there are different tact on how they view a car, some want it for public display, some find it as something that accentuates their physical aspect or â€Å"pampapogi. † As put forward by Sernau (2011: 103) citing Weber (n. d), we can speak of class when 1. ) a number of people have in common a specific causal component of their life chances, insofar as, (2) this component is represented exclusively by economic interests in the possession of goods and opportunities for income and (3) is represented under the conditions of the commodity or labor markets. In conclusion, as seen in this simple study, there are many different ways on how a car can be presented by different people and this is not only through the economic aspect but also on the power play of the individuals of those who owns and at the same time the one who view it. Divisions based on these status may depend on his/ her opportunities and life chances and how it is depicted by the society. In this relation, using cars as something that marks distinction through its model, brand, effect on people, prestige etc can be reflective on how people will evaluate us in terms of set of ideals and values.

Elements of Business Research

Big things come in small packages – which work the same for business research papers. What makes a good paper does not necessarily have to be an overwhelmingly exemplary presentation. Logically, what catches the attention of the reader to keep on reading such is the value of its contents, most especially, the credibility of the research. No matter how wonderful the presentation of the data may seem to be, but the content has been poorly resourced out, the overall material is of no use in the end.Therefore, it is clear that the type of research conducted should be appropriate to the subject in discussion, wherein the data is able to be best measured and consequently, the conclusion of the research is rational and plausible. Moving forward, the various types of research design will be detailed further to elaborate each of the type’s advantages and disadvantages. There are three (3) types of research design being utilized in different areas of study – Field Study, F ield Experiment and Survey.Field Study is where the researcher visits a site, observes and asks questions, but does not alter anything. It is similar to a naturalist observing wildlife without doing anything and maintaining the balance of the habitat (Borgatti, 1997). What makes this method very reliable is that there is a relatively large amount of factual data from the natural surroundings. Moreover, the variables collected are retrieved simultaneously from the area in question, thus, the consistency of the samples are not highly affected.Another advantage of Field Studies is that the researcher tends to have less impact on the subject data, as compared to other schemes (McCarthy, 1998), thereby arriving to a stronger conclusion, all derived from the variables natural state. It should also be noted however, that the drawback of not having to manipulate the variables on hand may also mean the inability to infer causality amongst the variables (McCarthy, 1998). This is due to the fa ct that field studies normally deduce conclusions from simply what is given by the environment – less thought-processing therefore is involved in terms of creating hypothesis remarks.The second type, Field Experiment, is where the subject is observed in a natural setting rather than in a contrived laboratory environment. However, like natural experiments, field experiments suffer from the possibility of contamination that may affect the experimental conditions in question. There is less control on the side of the researcher and the difficulty of penetrating a business or industrial setting for this purpose may also pose as a problem (McCarthy, 1998).Finally, the third scheme, Survey – method of gathering information by determining a set of pre-formulated questions in a structured questionnaire to a select group of individuals drawn to represent a defined population (Borgatti, 1997). What makes studies drawn through surveys reliable is because results of surveys often y ield new hypotheses from the answers garnered (McCarthy, 1998). In addition, surveys have the flexibility to be in various forms – questionnaire, interviews, observations, etc.It should be considered however when making conclusions, that survey results may not entirely reflect high return rates thus, threatening the representation of responses, resulting to biases. Understanding the types of research design is not complete without being able to interpret your gathered data qualitatively and quantitatively. Depending on the need of the subject matter, it is vital that the data is analyzed and measured accordingly. Four (4) types of measurement scales can be used to aid one’s business research in making them more compelling, and they are as follows: (a) nominal; (b) ordinal; (c) interval; and (d) ratio.Nominal scale, the lowest level of measurement, involves either verbal or numerical labels for any given category (Gavin, 1996). Variables here are placed within a mutuall y exclusive and exhaustive category, such as â€Å"male† or â€Å"female† categories denoting sex or gender as the nominal scale (Sable Tutorial, 1999). Another example can be the numbers of the baseball players found at the back of their jerseys. The numbers in this example are used to identify the players and one will notice that no two players are alike. Each variable (number per player) is different and can only be assigned to one person.Ordinal scale is similar to that of nominal scales but differ as the former has the property of order or ranking (Gavin, 1996). Ordinal scales, however, does not denote any size or quantity of the variable as it merely permits the classification of categories be identified alongside with the hierarchy of interests and its frequency. The ordinal scale is a much stronger form of measurement than the nominal scale because the variables are ordered, ranked and can be subjected to non-parametric tests as the results will be more sensibl e (Gavin, 1996).An example of ordinal scale is the winning set of players in a marathon game – the 1st -, 2nd – and 3rd-placers. There is indeed a ranking but the scale does not provide information about the absolute differences between 1st and 2nd or between 2nd and 3rd. We can also take as an example of ordinal scales the rankings of four restaurants in study. They can be assigned with numbers that will represent the scale being the most-liked up to the least-liked numerical ranking (Gavin, 1996).The consistency should be maintained as to which number represents a certain definition so as to keep the ordinal scale in place. Next is the third measurement scale, Interval scale. Interval scales provide us with still more quantitative data. In an interval scale, variables are measured against a plane where the distance between numbers or units is equal over all levels of the scale (Sable Tutorial, 1999). To cite an example, the Fahrenheit scale of measurement in a thermo meter shows that the distance between 10 degrees and 30 degrees is the same as the distance between 50 degrees and 70 degrees.The year dates in most calendars can also be assigned and measured against an interval scale. Note that in this particular scale of measurement, there is no fixed zero that means a zero quantity of the aspect of interest. Finally, the most powerful form of measurement scale is the Ratio scale. Ratio scale differs only from the interval scale given the former’s true zero point. The zero point allows further more interpretations and more valid assumptions and conclusions.Time is a very certain example of ratio scale as not only can we say the difference between two hours and ten hours, but we can also say that ten hours is five times as long as two hours – ratio in comparison (Sable Tutorial, 1999). Other social variables of ratio measure include age, length of residence in a given place and in a particular period of time. These measurement scales are chronologically arranged from the least to the most powerful form. In the end regardless of which scale is used it is crucial that the instrument should be practical, valid and reliable (Gavin, 1996).Research methods are basically used to avoid or at least lessen biases. A multidisciplinary team approach is best in conducting research work, armed with proper research techniques and valid statistical method of scales will equate to a non-refutable conclusion. At the end of the day, one should be smart enough to acknowledge the fact that whatever scheme of research or measurement is chosen, nothing will replace one’s sound judgment and keen consideration of underlying assumptions in one’s data analysis. References McCarthy, P. (1998). Steps in the research process. Retrieved on July 18, 2007 from www.mtsu. edu/ Sable Tutorial. (1999). Measurement scales in social science research. Retrieved on July 18, 2007 from Virginia Tech in www. simon. cs. vt. edu Borgatti, S. (1997). Research glossary. Retrieved on July 18, 2007 from www. analytictech. com Gavin, T. (1996). Research forum-methodology-measurements, Part 1: Principles & theory. Retrieved on July

Free Essays on Movement Into Pleistocene Era

The current 65 million year long Cenozoic Era is divided into the five epoch Tertiary Period and the present Quartenary consisting of the recent 10,000 year Postglacial and the Pleistocene epochs. The latter is characterized by extreme alterations in climate that placed intense survival pressures on hominids. Behavioral flexibility was survival selected by abrupt, extreme ecological changes. During this period Homo erectus migrated out of Africa with a most important ability, the knowldge of fire. In Europe and the Middle East Homo sapiens, also know as Neanderthals, evolved. A short stocky hominid of powerful physique with prominent brow ridges, a sharply sloped back forehead and a cranial capacity greater than modern humans, Neanderthals were well adapted to the temperate to arctic zone they occupied. Substantial evidence of human occupation in Europe appears coincident to the Mindel/Riss interglacial, 350,000 years ago. A new distinct archaic form of H. sapiens is evidenced in sub-Saharan Africa 200,000 years ago. The oldest fully modern humans are evident in the Klaiser River Mouth caves in South Africa from 120,000 - 60,000 years ago (Vbra, E 1996:214). DNA based research conclusions support the theory of African genesis of H. sapiens, sapiens between 200,000 and 140,000 years ago. Artifacts and remains place modern humans in the Near East 90,000 years ago (with typical Neanderthal associated tool assemblages), and in Europe 40,000 years ago, coincident to the Riss-Urm/Ee m/Sangamon Interglacial (Vbra, E 1996:24-25). The Upper Pleistocene includes the Middle and Upper Paleolithic. Middle Paleolithic behavioral changes evidenced include greater variety of flaked tools and flaking techniques, elaborated burials and nurturing of the weak or elderly. During this time similar characteristic Neanderthal tool assemblages are known from sites separated by thousands of kilometers. Season specific tasks are also evidenced. Important behav... Free Essays on Movement Into Pleistocene Era Free Essays on Movement Into Pleistocene Era The current 65 million year long Cenozoic Era is divided into the five epoch Tertiary Period and the present Quartenary consisting of the recent 10,000 year Postglacial and the Pleistocene epochs. The latter is characterized by extreme alterations in climate that placed intense survival pressures on hominids. Behavioral flexibility was survival selected by abrupt, extreme ecological changes. During this period Homo erectus migrated out of Africa with a most important ability, the knowldge of fire. In Europe and the Middle East Homo sapiens, also know as Neanderthals, evolved. A short stocky hominid of powerful physique with prominent brow ridges, a sharply sloped back forehead and a cranial capacity greater than modern humans, Neanderthals were well adapted to the temperate to arctic zone they occupied. Substantial evidence of human occupation in Europe appears coincident to the Mindel/Riss interglacial, 350,000 years ago. A new distinct archaic form of H. sapiens is evidenced in sub-Saharan Africa 200,000 years ago. The oldest fully modern humans are evident in the Klaiser River Mouth caves in South Africa from 120,000 - 60,000 years ago (Vbra, E 1996:214). DNA based research conclusions support the theory of African genesis of H. sapiens, sapiens between 200,000 and 140,000 years ago. Artifacts and remains place modern humans in the Near East 90,000 years ago (with typical Neanderthal associated tool assemblages), and in Europe 40,000 years ago, coincident to the Riss-Urm/Ee m/Sangamon Interglacial (Vbra, E 1996:24-25). The Upper Pleistocene includes the Middle and Upper Paleolithic. Middle Paleolithic behavioral changes evidenced include greater variety of flaked tools and flaking techniques, elaborated burials and nurturing of the weak or elderly. During this time similar characteristic Neanderthal tool assemblages are known from sites separated by thousands of kilometers. Season specific tasks are also evidenced. Important behav...

How to Make Money Freelance Writing Online

How to Make Money Freelance Writing Online How to Make Money Freelance Writing Online How to Make Money Freelance Writing Online By Daniel Scocco Until 15 years ago or so becoming a freelance writer was not an easy task. You had to get in touch with print magazines and newspapers, and you had to convince the editor that you were the right person for the job. The number of applications for each job was quite high, because the number of publications was limited. As a result, the chances of actually landing the job were quite low. The Internet and the Web changed all that, for the better! Today we have tens of thousands of online publications, from small blogs to online magazines and news sites, covering virtually any niche and topic you can imagine! Each of those online publications need fresh content, so the demand for freelance writers is higher than ever, and landing a job can be as simple as reaching out via email. If you like to write and want to start making some money freelancing online, this guide will provide all the information you need to get started. 1. Prerequisites Contrary to what many people believe, you dont need to be a talented writer to make money freelance writing online. You need to be talented if you want to write fiction, poetry, or if you want to write for TV sitcoms, for example. As long as you can write clear, correct English, you are qualified for most online writing jobs, as those only require clear and direct prose. On the technical side, all you need is basic computer and Internet skills. This includes using a word processor, sending and receiving emails, searching on Google efficiently and so on. If you need to brush up on your technical skills, the Goodwill Community Foundation has a free Internet Basics course. 2. Improving Your Writing Skills If you need to improve your writing skills, here are some tips: Practice is the best way to improve your writing skills, so write every day, as much as possible. Read sites that offer grammar, spelling and punctuation tips like this one. Read books about grammar and writing. We reviewed many in the past. Get friends and family to read your material and provide feedback. Consider joining a writing group to get feedback from fellow writers. Edit the work of other people. 3. Becoming a prolific writer If you want to make money writing, the amount of content you can produce per day will directly affect your income. In other words, its essential to become an efficient and prolific writer. Here are some strategies that can help with you that: Understand that writing and editing are two different things, and that you should do these tasks separately. Practically speaking, first you should write down all you need (perhaps more than you need), and only then you should edit it. Stop the habit of editing sentences as you write them, or of going back to read each paragraph once you finish it. One exercise you can use to practice this is to turn your computer monitor off (or to cover it in case of a notebook) while you write. Consider using a full screen editor like Dark Room to reduce distractions. Develop a writing routine, allocating some time slots in your day for writing. 4. Building an online presence with a website If you want to make money writing online, having a strong online presence is essential, because that is how many clients will find you. Having a website should be the cornerstone of your online strategy, as its the best way to showcase your expertise, portfolio, and it allows potential customers to quickly contact you. The first step here is to decide on the domain name you are going to use. Aim for something that is easy to spell, easy to remember, and not too long. For example: JohnWrites.com PunchingWords.com LiveProse.com WordsByMary.com You can also go with a .net or .org extension if you cant find a good domain with a .com. Use the InstantDomainSearch.com tool to check whether or not the domains you want are available (but dont register one yet!). Once you choose the domain name you want to use, it will be time to get a hosting plan, and most hosting companies will give you a free domain name registration (you just need to inform the domain while signing up). We use and recommend HostGator.com, as they have some very affordable prices, and both the service and customer support quality are top notch. Finally, refer to this tutorial to install WordPress on your site. WordPress is the most popular publishing software around. Its free, and easy to use, so you cant go wrong with it. 5. Promoting your website The first thing you should do after installing WordPress is to choose a template (there are thousands of free ones available from your Dashboard -> Appearance). Customize it a bit if you want and you should be ready to go. Now you need visitors to your website! There are two building blocks to bring visitors: content and backlinks (also called links). Content refers to the articles youll post on your website. Aim to provide valuable content to people looking for specific information (e.g., like this post provides information for aspiring freelance writers), and try to publish new content regularly (e.g., two or three times per week at least). Backlinks refer to getting other websites to mention and link to your own. Google considers each link from another website as a vote of trust for the quality of your website and its content. Guess what, the more links/votes you have, the higher your articles will rank on the search engine, and the more visitors youll get. Here are some strategies to gain links from other sites: Create a profile on all social networks, and include a link back to your site. Email bloggers and site owners and propose a partnership. Run interviews with site owners, and ask them to link to the interview. Write great content and email it to site owners, asking them to help to spread the word. Write a guest post for one these blogs. Finally, dont forget to have a Hire Me page on your site, so that visitors will promptly know that you offer freelance writing services. 6. Leveraging social media Literally billions of people use social media sites these days, so you need to have a profile on the most popular sites to strengthen your online presence and possibly land new clients. The most popular social media sites today are: Facebook YouTube Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest I recommend creating an account on all of them and regularly sharing content there. YouTube is a special case because you would need to upload videos there. Its worth the trouble, but consider doing it later on, as you will probably need to learn how to create those videos. You can share articles you write, interesting content from around the web, and occasionally you can promote your freelance writing services. 7. Finding clients Over time, as you spread your online presence, expand your network and become known as a freelance writer, clients will come to you spontaneously. In the beginning, however, dont count on this happening. Instead, youll need to literally hunt jobs down. Heres some strategies you can use: 1. Create a profile and browse freelance marketplaces Freelancer.com Upwork.com Guru.com The above marketplaces connect companies and freelancers, providing a platform where people can post job requirements and freelancers can bid for those jobs. They all have sections dedicated to freelance writing jobs, so its worth to create an account and browse the new jobs regularly. 2. Contact sites that pay writers There are many websites that make available the guidelines for writing for them and getting paid for it. Payment varies, but depending on the niche you can get as much as $200 per article. You can find lists of such sites here. Browse and list filtering the sites you believe are a good match for your style and skills, and then contact all of them. On some cases you can pitch your article right away, and they will get back to you stating if your article was accepted or not. 3. Browse boards with job listings There are several job boards that are completely dedicated or have special sections for freelance writing jobs. Some are updated regularly, even daily. Problogger Jobs and Freelance Writing Jobs are two examples. Browsing those job boards and contacting the job listings is a great way to land new gigs and eventually clients that will require your services on a regular basis. 4. Contact websites you like Even if a certain website is not publicly asking for new writers, it doesnt mean that they are not willing to hire one, should the right person show up. Guess what, be that right person! Get in touch via email or via the contact form on the website, and explain why you want to write for them, why you believe your style will match the audience of the site and so on. Better yet, send along some sample articles written specifically for that website. If they like what they see, there are good chances that they will hire you at least for a trial period. 8. How Much to Charge Figuring out how much to charge is not easy. If you charge too little youll be leaving money at the table. If you charge too much, you might scare away clients and lose job opportunities. On top of that there are differences that arise from the type of content you are producing, the niche you will be writing for and so on, which means that its virtually impossible to say how much you should charge. If you want ballpark numbers, consider that for short articles or blog posts (around 400 words) the low end is $15 per post and the high end is $100 per post. For longer and more structured pieces (i.e., feature articles or tutorials with 1000+ words) the low end is $50 and the high end $200 per article. You can start at the low end and gradually increase your rates as you gain new clients and establish a network of companies and websites who hire you on a regular basis. 9. Billing clients If you want to make money freelance writing online, getting paid will be an important part of the equation! The first tool you need to have is PayPal. Most companies and clients will prefer to pay you using PayPal, so having and account there and familiarizing yourself with how it works is essential. Make sure to verify your account, and learn how to send invoices (you can find this under Tools). Another very useful tool is FreshBooks, which allows you to create beautiful invoices (that can be integrated with your PayPal account). With FreshBooks you will be able to manage all your work and clients from a single platform. Remember that people are not always honest online, so avoid delivering a lot of work without being sure that the client will pay you. When in doubt, require at least part of the payment upfront. 10. Delivering your work The easiest way to deliver your work is to email it as an attachment to your client. Another tool you can use to produce and share your work with clients is Google Docs. Once you create an account you will be able to work on your articles from any computer, as they will always be saved and synchronized on Googles servers. Once the article is ready to be delivered you just need to share it with your client (using his email address). Good luck! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should Avoid7 Tips for Writing a Film ReviewRite, Write, Right, Wright

Chronic Disease Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chronic Disease Paper - Essay Example According to Andrew Prentice, professor of international nutrition at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK, he finds developing countries facing a â€Å"double burden of disease†. Nutrition and life styles play a major role where chronic diseases are concerned. Cancer occurs or develops when the abnormal cells in ones body grow rapidly out of control. Normally, the cells in our body grow, divide and die in a systematic fashion. When the person is young, the cells grow rapidly until the person reaches adulthood after which the cells in the body mostly divide to repair any injury or to replace the dead or worn – out cells. In the case of Cancer, the cells are much different than normal cells. They keep on growing and dividing replacing the normal cells with abnormal ones. Cancer occurs because of the damage caused to the DNA which is present in every cell and conducts all our activities. Usually, when the DNA becomes damaged, the body is in a position to repair it. But in case the cells are cancerous, the DNA is not repaired. Damaged DNA can also be inherited and therefore can get cancer later on in life. Substances in the environment can damage the DNA, such as smoke from tobacco. Cancer cells often travel to different parts of the body where they take root and grow and multiply while replacing normal tissue. The process by which this takes place is called â€Å"Metastasis†. Most of the Cancers form tumors but in the case of leukemia no tumor is formed but instead these cells flow with the blood and circulate through the blood forming organs. Different types of cancer react differently to different types of treatment. All cancers are not life threatening. The tumors may be benign or non-cancerous and do not spread or metastasize to the various parts of the body. They multiply at a different pace and needs a

Racial inequalities (Controversial Subject) Essay

Racial inequalities (Controversial Subject) - Essay Example When it comes to opportunities, Hispanic American citizens receive less privilege compared to their White counterparts. History could tell that all presidents excluding the present administration were all White. This significantly implies that compared to White Americans, Hispanic group would less likely to be given with trust and opportunity to lead the American people. The specific point of contrast reveals the kind of treatment given to both White and Hispanic Americans especially when it appears to include higher responsibility and privilege. In fact, at the basic foundation of this all, it appears that White youths are most likely to receive greater privilege and opportunity when it comes to both education and health coverage compared to their Hispanic youth counterparts (Flory, Edwards, and Christerson 1). Again, this could lead someone to think that the major contrast simply lies at the core foundation of giving too much value, privilege and opportunity for the white race. White Americans are higher in population compared to Hispanic group. However, as stated in statistics, the incarceration rate of white males falls only at 487 per 100,000 US residents, while for Hispanic males 1,193 per 100,000 US residents (DeLisi and Conis 270). By looking at these figures without bias, it seems everything could be justifiable when it has to be declared that Hispanic males have more number of violent individuals compared to the white males. However, these figures seem not proportionate if based on the actual total population of each group. Thus, another significant point to consider is the probability of favoring justice for white Americans compared to Hispanic. The point of contrast lies at how justice might be interpreted on the part of Hispanic group and white Americans. Finally, it is a common observation that Whites receive more and even special attention than Black or Latino counterparts. A specific study reveals that American media most

The Concept of Ethics in Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Concept of Ethics in Business - Assignment Example Decision making involves a course of action that is taken towards the attainment of certain goals in a given organization (Amos et al 2008). There are different concepts which affect the organization’s decision-making process and these are ethics, leadership, service, and character. 1. Basically, the term ethics is primarily concerned with distinguishing between what is good and bad. Special attention is focused on issues of morality and professional conduct in an organization where honesty and integrity are regarded as the guiding principles (Rossouw 2004). The value system shared in an organization defines its ethics and it should not be compromised for financial purposes as this will discredit the organization. 2. Leadership is defined as the ability of an individual person to influence the efforts of the other members of the organization to follow a particular course of action that is concerned with the attainment of set goals. Amos et al (2008) concur that leadership is concerned with inspiring, motivating, envisioning, promoting learning as well as team building so that the objectives of an organization are achieved. 3. A service is an offering which is intangible and can be exchanged for monetary value or equivalent. For instance, a taxi ride or banking facilities are all examples of services which are intangible. Good services to the customers are advantageous in that they positively contribute to the organization as a whole through increased profitability from more sales since the customers are satisfied. 4. A character can be described as an attribute in a particular person that helps distinguish that person from the other. People, as well as other products, are not homogenous and they have different features that make them different from the others. In an organization, the management must try to establish the character of the employees so as to be better positioned when it comes to decision making.

Internal Auditors Report On Goodner Brothers

Internal Auditors Report On Goodner Brothers Internal Auditors Report on Goodner Brothers Inc 1.0 Internal Control is a system of checking balances and it is designed to provide a reasonable assurance that assets are protected. Then, accounting data must be accurate according to the information of accounting. Operations should be efficient and also law and policies are compiled with. For this company (Goodners Brothers), We noted that weaknesses in internal control of this company make employee of this company, Woody Robinson was in serious financial trouble. So, the employee took advantage of his companys weak internal controls by stealing a large of inventory, which employee then sold to other parties. We identify that the act of Woody Robinson was a form of major fraud. However, We have stated below that the main key internal control objectives for Goodners Huntington sales office. We also stated that the key internal control weaknesses and its implication that were evident in Huntington units operations and control policies or procedures to alleviate the key internal cont rol weaknesses. On the other hand, We also stated that other parties besides Woody Robinson who partially responsible for inventory losses in the company together with few fraud risk management strategy that could be implemented by this company. 2.0 From this case, we have found that Sales Representative(Woody Robinson) in Goodners Huntington sales office took as an advantage of Goodner Brothers Inc weak in internal controls by stealing a large amount of inventory. So, We believe that this are the following key internal control objectives should be maintain in Goodners Huntington sales office. Firstly, Sales offices staff need to ensure that the every transaction should have a proper authorization to prevent this kind of fraudulent use of resources. For example, Sales offices staff should get the approval from the management or manager for very transactions. By apply this first objective, the shortages of inventory can be minimized and makes all the transactions going very smoothly. Secondly, Physical safeguards and security should have been the key internal control objectives. For example, sales offices staff need to ensure that access to physical assets and information systems need to be controlled and properly restricted to authorized personnel. On the other hand, validity also should have been the key internal control objective. So, sales offices staff need to ensure that all recorded transactions fairly need to be represent the economics events that actually occurred and also should be executed in accordance with managements general authorization. Next, Error in handling also should have been the key internal control objective. So, sales offices staff need to ensure that whatever errors detected at any stage of processing receive prompt corrective action and also should reported to the appropriate level of management. Next, Completeness also should have been the key internal control objective. So, sales offices staff need to ensure that no valid transactions should have been omitted from the inventory records. This five objectives that we stated overall can minimum the bad debts. Furthermore, good control can minimized or maintain of the inventory records. 2.1 On the other hand, we have identify the key internal control weaknesses and that were evident in the Huntington units operations. Firstly, there is lack of sufficient workers in the company to perform the much needed various task because we identify that the company have 14 sales outlets with skeletal crews of 10 to 12 employees. Then, a sales manager supervised the other employees at each outlet and also working a sales district. The remaining staff typically included two sales representative. Furthermore, a receptionist who having double job as a secretary and also as a bookkeeper and seven employees who delivering the tires and working in the units inventory warehouse. So, this shows clearly that one of the major key internal control weaknesses is insufficient of workers is working in the company. Next, another key internal control weaknesses in the Huntington units operations is the failure to coordinate an up-to-date accounting system used to provide an actual or accurate ac count of inventory because we was identify that each goodner sales outlet maintaining a computerized accounting system. These systems also typically made according to a standardized format and not develop for specialized for the company. These systems is ready made. Beside this, we also found that the units sales manager and two representatives had unrestricted access to the accounting system. So, since the large volume of sales and purchase transactions always swamped the bookkeeper . Then, sales representatives also frequently entered transactions directly into system. Furthermore, another key internal control weaknesses in the Huntington units operations is the lack of security needed to safeguard the assets sold. Company failure to restricted the security. We have identify that the sales representative (Woody Robinson) taking an advantage and routinely stole the inventory and kept the proceeds. Woody Robinson also continuing stole in various ways. In some cases, Woody Robinson c harged merchandise that he was sold for his own benefit to the accounts of large volume customers. So, this techniques makes inventory balance in the Huntington facilitys accounting records. We also identify that Woody Robinson charged the customers for merchandise they had not purchase. Goodners customers frequently returned tires for various reasons. We found that Woody Robinson completed all the credit memos for sales transactions voided by his customers and at the same time, Woody Robinson not returning the tires to Goodners inventory. Then, Woody Robinson also routinely sell some of the tires to other customers for cash. So, because of company lack of security needs to safeguard the assets sold. This makes the quantity of stealing tires made Woody Robinson was increasing very high. Next, another key internal control weaknesses in the Huntington units operations is the company failure to make sure that all the accounting information was correct or not. We have identify that the sales representative themselves routinely accessed, reviewed and updated their customers account and also completing purchase orders. Sales orders, credit memos and other accounting document on the timely basis, Furthermore, the sales representative passed all the documents on to the bookkeeper and also use them to enter the transactions directly into the accounting system. We also have identify that sales representative had direct access to the inventory storage areas and during heavy sales periods, sales representative always loaded and delivered customers orders themselves. So, this makes easily errors occurred in the accounting information. So, we have stated those key internal control weaknesses and its implication with the evident in the Huntington units operations. 2.2 This are the following control policies or procedures to alleviate the key internal control weaknesses . Firstly, Proper authorization of transactions. Creating and using budgets is a form of authorization. This makes easier for Huntington units operations. The purchase of goods and services should be requested by one person and approved by another. Individuals that handle cash should be bonded. Secondly , another policies or procedures is Segregation of duties. This includes assigning different people the responsibilities of authorizing transactions, recording transactions, and maintaining custody of assets. The person collecting cash should not be the person who records the cash receipt. If there is enough staff, a rotation of duties can eliminate employee manipulation of records or assets. The approval of purchases should not be made by the person who has access to the checks. Furthermore, another policies or procedures is design and use of adequate documents and records to help ensure the proper recording of transactions and events. Sales representative should always pre- numbered checks, receipts and purchase orders should be used and sequence should be accounted. Then, cancelled checks, vouchers, and receipts should be maintained. Voucher packages (invoices, purchase orders and receiving reports) should be cancelled (stamped paid) after payment to prevent duplicate payments. The invoices should be matched to receiving reports and receiving reports should be matched to purchase orders to ensure that sales representative received, ordered and only pay for what we received. At the same time, journals should be kept for all transactions. Next, another policies or procedures is adequate safeguards regarding access to and use of assets a nd records. Then, access to blank checks, signature plates, and purchase orders should be restricted. Computers should have passwords to access and change information and working area also should be visible to supervisors. However, voided checks should be defaced by tearing the signature line off or writing void on the face of the check and also all voided checks should be maintained. If the company apply all those policies or procedures that we stated. The weaknesses of key internal control will be improved. 2.3 Furthermore, We also identify that besides Woody Robinson, there is few parties were partially responsible for inventory losses goodners suffered. Customers is one of the parties responsible for inventory losses because when customers complained to Woody Robinson for being charged for merchandise they had not purchased, Woody Robinson usually apologized and corrected their account balances but if some of the customers sometimes paid the illicit charges, so this shows that customers unknowingly helped Woody Robinson sustain his fraudulent scheme. Next, We identify that Felix Garcia, the Huntington sales manager is also one of the parties that responsible for inventory losses because Felix Garcia stated that he was not discussed the customers complaints with Woody Robinson or the sales representative. Normally, when Felix Garcia received a customer complaint, he just simply passed it to the appropriate sales representative and was allowed that individual to deal with the matters. F urthermore, We also found that Felix Garcia maintain a file of customer complaints only because he was told to do so by the previous sales manager whom was replaced three years earlier. So, We found that previous sales manager also partially responsible for inventory losses. Next, Al Hunt is owner of Curcio tires and also Woody Robinsons friend is also one of the parties responsible inventory losses because Al Hunt just continue purchase the tires even though another sales representative told that the company only sold closeout merchandise directly to wholesalers. Al Hunt also know that Woody Robinson was incredibly selling the tires at lower price. This shows that Al Hunt really responsible for inventory losses. We also identify that Al Hunt one of the major parties among the other parties who responsible for inventory losses. 2.4 However, there is a various forms of fraud risk management strategy that could be implemented by Goodners Brothers Inc. One of the fraud risk management strategy is communication and training. So, raising employees awareness of their obligations concerning fraud and misconduct control begins with communications and training. While many organisations take an approach, careful planning behind this effort can help send employees a clear message to take their control responsibilities seriously. Secondly, another fraud risk management strategy is audit and monitoring. Because since it is impossible to monitor every fraud and potential misconduct risk, management should develop a comprehensive auditing and monitoring plan that is based on the organizations fraud risk assessment process. Then, another fraud risk management strategy is employee and third-party due diligence. An important part of an effective fraud and misconduct prevention strategy is using appropriate due diligence in t he hiring, retention and promotion of employees, agents, vendors and other third parties. Such due diligence becomes especially important for those employees with authority over the financial reporting process. Furthermore, another fraud risk management is code of conduct. That is actually a well -written code of conduct is one of the most important mechanisms to communicate with employees about acceptable business standards. It sets the organizations tone on control culture, raises awareness of managements commitment to integrity and provides the resources to help employees achieve managements compliance goals. All those fraud risk management strategy that we stated that could implemented by Goodner Brothers Inc. 3.0 Finally, we come with conclusion that the management or the board of this company is mainly responsible for the design of internal control and conveying to staff their internal control responsibilities. Peoples is the one who make internal controls work. Everyone in the company plays an important role. As problems are noted, staffs should be communicated, so that adjustments or corrections can be made. There is few benefits of internal control mainly for employees is actually to help prevent errors and irregularities from occurring. If they do occur, Internal controls will help ensure they are detected in timely manner. By this report, we believed that the board of Goodner Brothers Inc is should be able to overcome the internal control weaknesses. It makes the fraudulent in the company will be reduced and particularly Huntington sales office can be maintained or sustained consistently ranked as Goodners second or third most profitable sales outlet.

Life Goals in Charles Dickens Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

Life Goals in Charles Dickens' Great Expectations "He came closer to my tombstone, took me by both arms, and tilted me back as far as he could hold me, so that his eyes looked powerfully into mine, and mine looked most helplessly up into his" (3). These lines describe the entrance of the character, Provis, into the life of a young man who goes by the name of Pip. Pip is the protagonist in Great Expectations, the classic novel by Charles Dickens. Written in 1861, Great Expectations tells the life story of Pip, a young man who is born into the working class of England and makes his rise in society as the years progress. During his childhood years, Pip is endowed to his sister, who "brings him up by hand" (5), meaning she uses brute force when in comes to punishment, and punishment is frequent even when not required. This is also the time in his life when Pip meets the convict, Provis, out on the marshes near the church. Provis plays a key role in Pip's rise in society, even though Pip doesn't know it. Throughout the novel, the convict is subconsciously if not consciously on Pip's mind. The reader may not notice this fact at first, but it becomes evident as the novel progresses. Around the end of the novel, Pip finally learns who is the cause for his sudden wealth, and he realizes that his reasons for being ashamed of his family are shallow, so he sets things right. Great Expectations is the goals that Pip has about his life. During his childhood, Pip becomes the playmate to Estella, the adopted daughter of the wealthy Miss Havisham. Immediately, he falls in love with her, but she feels that she is socially above him and therefore he is not worthy of her. Upon first meeting Pip, Estella, upon hearing that she is to play cards with him, immediately remarks, "With this boy! Why, he is a common labouring-boy!" (55). Estella scorns Pip from the first day she meets him. Pip wants to be better for Estella and becomes ashamed of his family, because they are common townspeople. Estella is the reason for Pip's first expectation of becoming part of the upperclass. This aim is fulfilled when Pip learns that he has "come into a handsome property" (129) and he is to "be brought up as gentleman- in a word, as a young fellow of great expectations" (129).

Assess the Significance of the Role of Individuals in Reducing Racial Discrimination in the Period 1877-1981

Assess the significance of the role of individuals in reducing racial discrimination in the period 1877-1981. The post-civil war era of American history could be argued as one with great promise for African Americans. With the North winning the Civil War and Lincoln granting the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, surely the seeds had been sown for equality for all in America; blacks and whites included?Despite the foundations having been laid for equality, it may not be surprising that only small progress was made when Lincoln- the â€Å"saviour† of Blacks- had little interest in abolishing slavery in the first place; â€Å"if I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it†. However, it cannot be disputed that, whatever his intentions had been, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation did provide just a glimpse of hope for African Americans; De Jure, the African Americans throughout America had freedom and were able to leave the slavery of Southern plantatio n owners.Why is it then, that De Facto, the years following the Civil War failed to provide this ‘new hope' for Blacks and that racism & discrimination continued for many years to come? The idea of Blacks developing the mind set they needed in order to fight for their freedom can be categorised as their ‘developing consciousness'. Throughout the 19th and 20th century, it was evident that Blacks had begun to realise that they too had rights and were entitled to the same as the Whites.Through the work of organisations such as the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People) and the Harlem Renaissance as well as individuals such as William Edward Burghardt (W. E. B) Du Bois; Blacks in American began developing their identity as a group and using this to fight back against the oppression of Whites. Du Bois was known as a vocal critic of Booker T Washington, being an educated Black- graduating from Fisk University in 1885 and studying history at Harvard University- he became the first African-American to receive a Ph.D. From Harvard. In order to develop Black Consciousness, Du Bois joined forces with the like minded activists of the NAACP. The NAACP's main focal points were: The abolition of segregation; equal voting rights; educational opportunities for black people; the enforcement of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. Despite the main focuses of the NAACPs campaigns, it could be argued that the main thing they did for the progress of Black Equality was the uniting of Blacks under one force; by 1918 there were around 43,994 members in the NAACP.This gathering of Blacks under one organisation cannot be ignored, for the first time the African-Americans of America were joining together in order to fight for their freedom. One key event which argues against the idea that individuals were significant in reducing racial discrimination is that of WWI; argued by Sander's- â€Å"The First World War generated jobs and gave blacks s oldiers a glimpse of greater equality†. The treatment of Blacks abroad- particularly France- showed the African-Americans that the treatment they were receiving at home was unfair and that they were indeed in a situation which needed to change.It is a hard task indeed to decide whether or Black Consciousness increased due to the work solely of individuals such as Du Bois, organisations like the NAACP or events like WWI. Many would argue that it was not a single one of these factors which led to the increase of Black's realisation of potential. One argument however is that surely without individuals behind the organisations, the work and impact of the organisation is nothing? Individuals are able to lead, organise and even inspire; something that events and organisations are unable to do.The process of increased black nationalism is certainly one which cannot be overlooked; indeed it may not have achieved solid changes in law, and some go as far to say that it may have even hin dered the advancement of Black Civil Rights. Despite this one could argue that the development of black nationalism catalysed the civil rights movement for many African Americans; installing a sense of pride inside the hearts of many which was drastically needed at the time. Before trying to pin any credible progress on the black nationalism movement it is first important to attempt to define ‘Black Nationalism'.A simple definition of it would be that it was an ideology which stresses the desire for separatism of the black race; â€Å"unity as a people, pride in African heritage, the creation of autonomous institutions and the search for a territory to build a nation† (Cone, 1991, 122). However the ideology of black nationalists varies greatly between individuals; a perfect example of this is Malcolm X and Martin Luther King. The two vary drastically between their methods in raising black nationalism.The methods and effectiveness of Malcolm X's campaign for the improved lives of black Americans are up for questioning by many. Indeed his tactics were more radicalised than his non-violent counterpart Dr King: Malcolm X even stated in Washington, 1964 that â€Å"I'm here to remind the white man of the alternative to Dr King†. This statement could be seen to sum up the purpose of Malcolm X; due to the lack of credible change attached to him, one has to question whether his purpose was merely just to show what could happen (increased radicalisation and violence) if the demands of Dr King were not met.This lack of credible, positive actions and change by Malcolm X and his current organisation the Nation Of Islam is an idea which can be- and has been- argued in depth. One could argue that, in terms of De Jure, Malcolm X did not achieve anything significant and indeed many considered him to be irresponsible and negative; Thurgood Marshall even went as far as to say that the NOI was â€Å"run by a bunch of thugs†. Despite this, De Facto, one cannot simply ignore the fact that Malcolm X did indeed draw early attention to the awful conditions in the ghettos and according to the FBI, he was â€Å"The most successful recruiter for the Black Muslims†.This can be credited to Malcolm X being a Zeitgeist; he was able to tap into the spirit of the time and the feelings of the people, using this to draw the huge amounts of support he did for the Nation of Islam. Indeed it may be seen that a radical, passionate individual like Malcolm X was needed at that specific time for the black nationalism movement; it cannot be ignored that Martin Luther King was not at his most successful stage and the fire of black civil rights and nationalism which had been burning brightly was indeed beginning to burn dimmer or some might even say had gone out at the time.After looking at the impact in which individuals had on the civil rights movement and the contrast of events, one can still come back to the fundamentals of the debate; without a n individual to start an organisation or instigate an event surely no progress at all would have been made? If one is able to look at the larger picture of the progress made in reducing racial discrimination in the years Assess the Significance of the Role of Individuals in Reducing Racial Discrimination in the Period 1877-1981 Assess the significance of the role of individuals in reducing racial discrimination in the period 1877-1981. The post-civil war era of American history could be argued as one with great promise for African Americans. With the North winning the Civil War and Lincoln granting the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, surely the seeds had been sown for equality for all in America; blacks and whites included?Despite the foundations having been laid for equality, it may not be surprising that only small progress was made when Lincoln- the â€Å"saviour† of Blacks- had little interest in abolishing slavery in the first place; â€Å"if I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it†. However, it cannot be disputed that, whatever his intentions had been, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation did provide just a glimpse of hope for African Americans; De Jure, the African Americans throughout America had freedom and were able to leave the slavery of Southern plantatio n owners.Why is it then, that De Facto, the years following the Civil War failed to provide this ‘new hope' for Blacks and that racism & discrimination continued for many years to come? The idea of Blacks developing the mind set they needed in order to fight for their freedom can be categorised as their ‘developing consciousness'. Throughout the 19th and 20th century, it was evident that Blacks had begun to realise that they too had rights and were entitled to the same as the Whites.Through the work of organisations such as the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People) and the Harlem Renaissance as well as individuals such as William Edward Burghardt (W. E. B) Du Bois; Blacks in American began developing their identity as a group and using this to fight back against the oppression of Whites. Du Bois was known as a vocal critic of Booker T Washington, being an educated Black- graduating from Fisk University in 1885 and studying history at Harvard University- he became the first African-American to receive a Ph.D. From Harvard. In order to develop Black Consciousness, Du Bois joined forces with the like minded activists of the NAACP. The NAACP's main focal points were: The abolition of segregation; equal voting rights; educational opportunities for black people; the enforcement of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. Despite the main focuses of the NAACPs campaigns, it could be argued that the main thing they did for the progress of Black Equality was the uniting of Blacks under one force; by 1918 there were around 43,994 members in the NAACP.This gathering of Blacks under one organisation cannot be ignored, for the first time the African-Americans of America were joining together in order to fight for their freedom. One key event which argues against the idea that individuals were significant in reducing racial discrimination is that of WWI; argued by Sander's- â€Å"The First World War generated jobs and gave blacks s oldiers a glimpse of greater equality†. The treatment of Blacks abroad- particularly France- showed the African-Americans that the treatment they were receiving at home was unfair and that they were indeed in a situation which needed to change.It is a hard task indeed to decide whether or Black Consciousness increased due to the work solely of individuals such as Du Bois, organisations like the NAACP or events like WWI. Many would argue that it was not a single one of these factors which led to the increase of Black's realisation of potential. One argument however is that surely without individuals behind the organisations, the work and impact of the organisation is nothing? Individuals are able to lead, organise and even inspire; something that events and organisations are unable to do.The process of increased black nationalism is certainly one which cannot be overlooked; indeed it may not have achieved solid changes in law, and some go as far to say that it may have even hin dered the advancement of Black Civil Rights. Despite this one could argue that the development of black nationalism catalysed the civil rights movement for many African Americans; installing a sense of pride inside the hearts of many which was drastically needed at the time. Before trying to pin any credible progress on the black nationalism movement it is first important to attempt to define ‘Black Nationalism'.A simple definition of it would be that it was an ideology which stresses the desire for separatism of the black race; â€Å"unity as a people, pride in African heritage, the creation of autonomous institutions and the search for a territory to build a nation† (Cone, 1991, 122). However the ideology of black nationalists varies greatly between individuals; a perfect example of this is Malcolm X and Martin Luther King. The two vary drastically between their methods in raising black nationalism.The methods and effectiveness of Malcolm X's campaign for the improved lives of black Americans are up for questioning by many. Indeed his tactics were more radicalised than his non-violent counterpart Dr King: Malcolm X even stated in Washington, 1964 that â€Å"I'm here to remind the white man of the alternative to Dr King†. This statement could be seen to sum up the purpose of Malcolm X; due to the lack of credible change attached to him, one has to question whether his purpose was merely just to show what could happen (increased radicalisation and violence) if the demands of Dr King were not met.This lack of credible, positive actions and change by Malcolm X and his current organisation the Nation Of Islam is an idea which can be- and has been- argued in depth. One could argue that, in terms of De Jure, Malcolm X did not achieve anything significant and indeed many considered him to be irresponsible and negative; Thurgood Marshall even went as far as to say that the NOI was â€Å"run by a bunch of thugs†. Despite this, De Facto, one cannot simply ignore the fact that Malcolm X did indeed draw early attention to the awful conditions in the ghettos and according to the FBI, he was â€Å"The most successful recruiter for the Black Muslims†.This can be credited to Malcolm X being a Zeitgeist; he was able to tap into the spirit of the time and the feelings of the people, using this to draw the huge amounts of support he did for the Nation of Islam. Indeed it may be seen that a radical, passionate individual like Malcolm X was needed at that specific time for the black nationalism movement; it cannot be ignored that Martin Luther King was not at his most successful stage and the fire of black civil rights and nationalism which had been burning brightly was indeed beginning to burn dimmer or some might even say had gone out at the time.After looking at the impact in which individuals had on the civil rights movement and the contrast of events, one can still come back to the fundamentals of the debate; without a n individual to start an organisation or instigate an event surely no progress at all would have been made? If one is able to look at the larger picture of the progress made in reducing racial discrimination in the years