The Circle Of Fire Essays - Lines Of Latitude, Plate Tectonics

The Circle of Fire The insider facts of the Circle of Fire lies some place profound into the Earths development about 4.5 - 5 billion years prior. The Circle of Fire is a ring of volcanic mountains that Borders the banks of North and South America, alongside Asia and Thialand. It moreover structures a semi-cirlce from the southern tip of South America to Australia. The Earth is about 4.5 - 5 billion Years old. While man's recorded history is just around 5000 years old.(Circle of fire page 3) The Earth is comprised of 3 unique layers 1-The Crust, the Crust is the extremely top layer of the earth that we live on, it consits of 7 diverse crustal plates. 2- The mantle which is the center layer, This is made of a fluid plastic sort of material called magma, This material is continually streaming which causes the crustal plates to shift.3-The Inner Core, this is the focal point of the Earth, Scientists aren't sure yet they accept that it is strong magma. About 80% of the universes Earthquakes happen in the Circle of Fire. (The Hover of Fire p. 13) They occur in a restricted belt of deficiencies that run corresponding with the equator from North and South America to Asia. In 1950 an Expidition from Scripps Institute of Oceanography while investigating the ocean bottom off the shoreline of California discoverd crack Zones.(Circle of Fire p 17) These break zones run corresponding with the equator from North and South America to Asia down to Thailand too. Regularly these crack zones are not profound but rather they run ten to twenty miles wide. What's more, incredibly the spat a practically equivalent separation of around 400 - 500 miles long. The Circle of Fire is a baffling spot. In spite of the fact that nobody knows how it was shaped , researchers accept they are close, They likewise accept that once they reveal its mysteries, they will have the option to answer a large number of the unsolved inquiries of the Earths Formation.

Scott Peterson Found Guilty of First-Degree Murder

Scott Peterson Found Guilty of First-Degree Murder Scott Peterson was seen as blameworthy of first-degree murder in the passing of his pregnant spouse, Laci Peterson, and second-degree murder in the demise of his unborn child Conner. The jury arrived at a decision for the situation in its seventh day of thoughts, after three legal hearers were supplanted during the preliminary, including the main foreman. The decision came just eight hours after Judge Delucchi excused the primary foreman of theâ jury, who was supplanted by a male substitute. The new foreman was legal hearer No. 6, a fireman and paramedic. To begin with, Judge Delucchi supplanted member of the jury No. 7, who apparently did her own autonomous research or examination concerning the case, as opposed to court rules. The appointed authority advised the jury they needed to begin once again in their considerations. They reacted by choosing another foreman. The next day, the appointed authority excused member of the jury No. 5, the previous foreman of the jury, who allegedly requested to be expelled from the case. The jury thought throughout the day Wednesday with the new foreman set up, took a vacation day Thursday because of the Veterans Day occasion, and pondered just a couple of hours Friday before reporting they had a decision. The absolute thoughts endured very nearly 44 hoursâ after the jury heard five months of declaration from 184 observers. Scott Peterson was accused of the homicide of his pregnant spouse Laci Denise Peterson and their unborn child Conner Peterson who vanished at some point among Decemberâ 23 and December 24, 2002. The seriously deteriorated stays of Laci Peterson and the couples baby washed shorewards in April 2003, not a long way from where Peterson said he went on a performance angling trip the day she evaporated. Peterson was captured April 18, 2003, in San Diego, the day that the remaining parts of Laci and Conner were authoritatively recognized. The Prosecutions Theory The indictment accepted that Scott Peterson fastidiously arranged the homicide of his pregnant spouse, Laci Peterson in light of the fact that he would not like to surrender his way of life to be secured to a wife and child. They accept that he bought the 14-foot Gamefisher angling vessel fourteen days before she vanished for the underside reason for utilizing it to discard her body in the San Francisco Bay. Investigator Rick Distaso told the jury that Peterson utilized a 80-pound pack of concrete he bought to make grapples to overload Lacis body at the base of the sound. They demonstrated legal hearers photos of five round impressions in the concrete residue on the floor of Petersons distribution center. Just one grapple was found in the vessel. Examiners likewise accept that Peterson initially wanted to utilize a playing golf excursion as his plausible excuse for the day that Laci vanished, however for reasons unknown dumping her body into the San Francisco Bay took longer than he arranged and he was left with utilizing the angling trip as his explanation. The issue the arraignment had was there was no immediate proof demonstrating that Peterson killed his significant other, substantially less discarded her body. Their case was developed absolutely on fortuitous proof. The Defense of Scott Peterson Safeguard lawyer Mark Geragos guaranteed the jury in his initial articulation that he would introduce proof that would show that Scott Peterson was honest of the charges, however at long last, the resistance couldn't create any immediate proof highlighting some other suspect. Geragos for the most part utilized the indictments own observers to offer the jury elective clarifications of the states conditional case. He brought Scott Petersons father to the remain to clarify that Scott had been an energetic angler since an early age and that it was not unordinary for Scott not to gloat about significant buys, similar to the angling vessel. Geragos additionally offered declaration that showed that Peterson utilized the rest of the 80-pound pack of concrete to fix his carport. He likewise attempted to clarify his customers inconsistent conduct after Lacis vanishing to being pursued by the media, not on the grounds that he was attempting to evade or trick the police. The protection case took a significant misfortune when a specialist witness, who affirmed that Conner Peterson was as yet alive after Decemberâ 23, didn't rise up to questioning which drew out that he had made an enormous suspicion in his estimations. Numerous court onlookers, even those with foundations in criminal indictment, concurred that Mark Geragos worked superbly during the arraignments case in offering the jury interchange clarifications for pretty much every part of the incidental proof. At long last, the jury accepted the indictment demonstrated its case that Scott Peterson planned the demise of his pregnant spouse.

Articles of Confederation Fail Essay Sample

Articles of Confederation Fail Essay Sample Why Did the Articles of Confederation Fail? The Key Reasons To this day, a lot of historians try to investigate and confirm the identity of all the witnesses and the participants to the formation of the original agreement between 13 colonies to establish the United States of America. This original document was the Articles of Confederation which was an attempt to replace the British governmental system and form a unifying governmental structure by 13 American colonies that fought for their independence in the American Revolution. In this short essay, I am going to discuss the key reasons what made the Articles of Confederation fail, but let’s start with the Articles of Confederation definition. The Articles of Confederation was the first US constitution which was ratified in 1781 but replaced eight years later in 1789 with the present Constitution of the United States. The Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? The researchers think that the essential weakness of the Articles of Confederation was caused by the fact that this document established a confederacy, a form of government which gave sovereign power in the hands of the independent states. This approach was accepted by the Founding Fathers due to the fact that the American colonists did not like the idea of a strong national government. American colonists identified themselves together with the colony where they lived so the idea to create American government which was based on strong state governments seemed quite natural. The Articles of Confederation were written in such a way that every individual state was as independent as possible and the national government of the United States was as weak as possible. According to the Articles of Confederation, the US central government was only responsible for such issues as the security of liberties, the general welfare, and the common defense. This led to many problems and the Articles of Confederation turned out to be ineffective at governing the permanently increasing American states. The major cause of this ineffectiveness was the absence of a strong national government which led to multiple limitations that made the Articles of Confederation ineffective. The Limitations Caused by the Absence of a Strong Central Government Researchers identify three key limitations that were caused by the absence of a strong national government. They include economic disorganization, legislative inefficiencies, and absence of national leadership. Economic limitations that were present in the Articles of Confederation resulted in financial hardships for the new American nation which was struggling to be competitive economically. These limitations caused economic disorganization and competition between different states because Congress could not control the foreign and interstate trade. Besides, there was no uniform system of currency which made the interstate trade and foreign commerce less efficient and more difficult. Congress was not given the power to raise revenues and impose taxes but had to request for money from the states. As a result, it was incapable of paying off America’s foreign debts, manage foreign affairs, and establish a national budget. Congress lacked effective means to regulate the economy or enforce its laws. The Articles of Confederation led to the lack of national leadership which took various forms. As there was no national court system, the judiciary branch was dependent on the states which could simply ignore national laws which they considered objectionable. There was a lack of chief executive who could conduct foreign affairs which was a serious diplomatic disadvantage to America. The central government was unable to deal with external and internal threats because Congress did not have the power to raise the army and was dependent on state militia. As a result, Congress could not quickly and effectively respond to possible external and internal threats. Legislating under the framework of the Articles of Confederation was inefficient. Regardless of the size, every state had one vote in Congress, but there was a large discrepancy in state populations. The consent of nine of thirteen states was required to pass any law in Congress and blocking the bill was possible by only five of thirteen states. The Articles of Confederation detailed a very difficult and impractical amendment process. Amendments required a unanimous vote that made it impossible to fix the poorly structured Articles of Confederation under the current form of government. As the economic, military, and legislative weaknesses became more apparent, the Articles of Confederation had been scrapped altogether and an entirely new governing document was approved. It was the Constitution of the United States which outlined a federal form of governance.

Thoreaus Walden The Battle of the Ants

Revered by many readers as the father of American nature writing, Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) characterized himself as a mystic, a transcendentalist and a natural philosopher to boot. His one masterpiece, Walden, came out of a two-year experiment in simple economy and creative leisure conducted in a self-made cabin near Walden Pond. Thoreau grew up in Concord, Massachusetts, now part of the Boston metropolitan area, and Walden Pond is near Concord. Thoreau and Emerson Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson, also from Concord, became friends around 1840, after Thoreau had finished college, and it was Emerson who introduced Thoreau to transcendentalism and acted as his mentor. Thoreau built a small house on Walden Pond in 1845 on land owned by Emerson, and he spent two years there, immersed in philosophy and beginning to write what would be his masterpiece and legacy, Walden, which was published in 1854. Thoreaus Style In the introduction to The Norton Book of Nature Writing (1990), editors John Elder and Robert Finch observe that Thoreaus supremely self-conscious style has kept him continuously available to readers who no longer draw a confident distinction between humanity and the rest of the world, and who would find a simpler worship of nature both archaic and incredible. This excerpt from Chapter 12 of Walden, developed with historical allusions and an understated analogy, conveys Thoreaus unsentimental view of nature. The Battle of the Ants From Chapter 12 of Walden, or Life in the Woods (1854)  Ã‚  by Henry David Thoreau You only need sit still long enough in some attractive spot in the woods that all its inhabitants may exhibit themselves to you by turns. I was witness to events of a less peaceful character. One day when I went out to my wood-pile, or rather my pile of stumps, I observed two large ants, the one red, the other much larger, nearly half an inch long, and black, fiercely contending with one another. Having once got hold they never let go, but struggled and wrestled and rolled on the chips incessantly. Looking farther, I was surprised to find that the chips were covered with such combatants, that it was not a duellum, but a bellum, a war between two races of ants, the red always pitted against the black, and frequently two red ones to one black. The legions of these Myrmidons covered all the hills and vales in my wood-yard, and the ground was already strewn with the dead and dying, both red and black. It was the only battle which I have ever witnessed, the only battle-field I ever trod while the battle was raging; internecine war; the red republicans on the one hand, and the black imperialists on the other. On every side t hey were engaged in deadly combat, yet without any noise that I could hear, and human soldiers never fought so resolutely. I watched a couple that were fast locked in each others embraces, in a little sunny valley amid the chips, now at noonday prepared to fight till the sun went down, or life went out. The smaller red champion had fastened himself like a vice to his adversarys front, and through all the tumblings on that field never for an instant ceased to gnaw at one of his feelers near the root, having already caused the other to go by the board; while the stronger black one dashed him from side to side, and, as I saw on looking nearer, had already divested him of several of his members. They fought with more pertinacity than bulldogs. Neither manifested the least disposition to retreat. It was evident that their battle-cry was Conquer or die. In the meanwhile there came along a single red ant on the hillside of this valley, evidently full of excitement, who either had dispatche d his foe, or had not yet taken part in the battle; probably the latter, for he had lost none of his limbs; whose mother had charged him to return with his shield or upon it. Or perchance he was some Achilles, who had nourished his wrath apart, and had now come to avenge or rescue his Patroclus. He saw this unequal combat from afar--for the blacks were nearly twice the size of the red--he drew near with rapid pace till be stood on his guard within half an inch of the combatants; then, watching his opportunity, he sprang upon the black warrior, and commenced his operations near the root of his right foreleg, leaving the foe to select among his own members; and so there were three united for life, as if a new kind of attraction had been invented which put all other locks and cements to shame. I should not have wondered by this time to find that they had their respective musical bands stationed on some eminent chip, and playing their national airs the while, to excite the slow and chee r the dying combatants. I was myself excited somewhat even as if they had been men. The more you think of it, the less the difference. And certainly there is not the fight recorded in Concord history, at least, if in the history of America, that will bear a moments comparison with this, whether for the numbers engaged in it, or for the patriotism and heroism displayed. For numbers and for carnage it was an Austerlitz or Dresden. Concord Fight! Two killed on the patriots side, and Luther Blanchard wounded! Why here every ant was a Buttrick--Fire! for Gods sake fire!--and thousands shared the fate of Davis and Hosmer. There was not one hireling there. I have no doubt that it was a principle they fought for, as much as our ancestors, and not to avoid a three-penny tax on their tea; and the results of this battle will be as important and memorable to those whom it concerns as those of the battle of Bunker Hill, at least. I took up the chip on which the three I have particularly described were struggling, carried it into my house, and placed it under a tumbler on my window-sill, in order to see the issue. Holding a microscope to the first-mentioned red ant, I saw that, though he was assiduously gnawing at the near foreleg of his enemy, having severed his remaining feeler, his own breast was all torn away, exposing what vitals he had there to the jaws of the black warrior, whose breastplate was apparently too thick for him to pierce; and the dark carbuncles of the sufferers eyes shone with ferocity such as war only could excite. They struggled half an hour longer under the tumbler, and when I looked again the black soldier had severed the heads of his foes from their bodies, and the still living heads were hanging on either side of him like ghastly trophies at his saddle-bow, still apparently as firmly fastened as ever, and he was endeavoring with feeble struggles, being without feelers and with only t he remnant of a leg, and I know not how many other wounds, to divest himself of them, which at length, after half an hour more, he accomplished. I raised the glass, and he went off over the window-sill in that crippled state. Whether he finally survived that  combat,  and spent the remainder of his days in some Hà ´tel des Invalides, I do not know; but I thought that his industry would not be worth much thereafter. I never learned which party was victorious, nor the cause of the war; but I felt for the rest of that day as if I had had my feelings excited and harrowed by witnessing the struggle, the  ferocity  and carnage, of a human battle before my door. Kirby and Spence tell us that the battles of ants have long been celebrated and the date of them recorded, though they say that Huber is the only modern author who appears to have witnessed them. Aeneas Sylvius, say they, after giving a very circumstantial account of one contested with great obstinacy by a great and small species on the trunk of a pear tree, adds that this action was fought in the pontificate of Eugenius the Fourth, in the presence of Nicholas Pistoriensis, an eminent lawyer, who related the whole history of the battle with the greatest fidelity. A similar engagement between great and small ants is recorded by Olaus Magnus, in which the small ones, being victorious, are said to have buried the bodies of their own soldiers, but left those of their giant enemies a prey to the birds. This event happened previous to the expulsion of the tyrant Christiern the Second from Sweden. The battle which I witnessed took place in the Presidency of Polk, five years before the passa ge of Websters Fugitive-Slave Bill. Originally published by Ticknor Fields in 1854, Walden, or Life in the Woods   by Henry David Thoreau is available in many editions, including Walden: A Fully Annotated Edition, edited by Jeffrey S. Cramer (2004).

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill A Human Rights Issue

Caitlin Morse A10904065 8 June 2015 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: A Human Rights Issue In April 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded, polluting the Gulf of Mexico with 4.9 million barrels of oil (EPA, 2015). This disaster is known as the BP oil spill, and is regarded as one of the worst environmental catastrophes in American history. Although it is widely recognized for its impact on ocean ecosystems, marine animals, and public health, it is also a human rights issue. The extensive impacts of the spill include the violations of the human rights to a healthy environment, livelihood, and housing. Further, the oil spill disproportionately affected low-income communities of color that are systematically excluded from protection against environmental harm. This adds to its relevance to human rights because all rights are intended to be enjoyed equally regardless of race, color, income, or other status. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill demonstrates how the legal system often fails to defend vulnerable people and the i nequalities associated with the damage and compensation of the disaster. Amnesty International published a detailed and comprehensive report on the human rights violations in the Gulf Coast. The authors highlight the six major violations: shortage of affordable housing, inadequate mental health care, inadequate primary health care, failure to rebuild, police corruption, and criminal justice issues (Amnesty International, 2010). The article focuses on how muchShow MoreRelatedThe Long Lasting Effects Of The Deepwater Horizon On The Gulf Of Mexico1544 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will discuss the long lasting effects on the economy from the explosion on the DeepWater Horizon oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico. The events that took place on April 20, 2010 would go down in history as the worst deep sea oil spill in history. 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first aid Free Essays

First Aid Free Essays INTRODUCTION First aid is the immediate assistance or treatment given to someone injured or suddenly taken ill before the arrival of an ambulance, doctor, or other appropriate qualified persons. It is a skill, based on knowledge, training and experience. First aid training is important as it is relevant at home, work place or industries and any other place. We will write a custom essay sample on First Aid or any similar topic only for you Order Now The term â€Å"FIRST AIDER† is usually applied to someone who has completed a theoretical and practical instruction course, and passed a professionally supervised examination. The standard first aid certificate awarded by St John Ambulance, St Andrews Ambulance Association and the British Red Cross is proof of all round competence. First aid must be administered as soon as possible. In case of critical injury, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life threatening conditions exists. First aid measures depend on the victims need and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. DEFINITION OF TERMS FIRST AIDER: someone who has completed a theoretical and practical instruction course, and passed a professionally supervised examination. EMERGENCY: A serious, unexpected and potentially dangerous situation requiring immediate action or an unexpected event that must be dealt with urgently. CASUALTY: somebody who has a fatal accident, or receives a serious injury or suddenly falls ill. ACCIDENT: An unpleasant incident that happens unexpectedly. INCIDENT: An event, the occurrence of dangerous or exciting event. AMBULANCE: A vehicle for taking sick or injured people to and from hospital. HOSPITAL: An institution providing medical treatment and nursing care for sick or injured people. IMMOBILIZE: Prevent from moving or operating as normal. SIGN: What you see on the casualty. SYMPTOMS: What the casualty feels and tells you. FIRST AID DEFINITION: – immediate assistance or treatment given to an injured person or someone who suddenly falls ill before the arrival of an ambulance, doctor, or other appropriate qualified persons. It is also the first care given to a casualty or someone who suddenly falls ill before the arrival of a doctor or before taking the person to the hospital. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF FIRST AID †¢To save life. †¢To promote quick recovery. †¢To prevent the situation from getting worse †¢To save time. †¢To save cost. PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID The golden rule is ‘’ first do no harm’’ while applying the principle of calculated risk. You should use treatment that is most likely to be beneficial to a casualty but do not use a doubtful treatment just for the sake of doing something. Assess the situation ?Observe what has happened quickly and calmly. ?Look for dangers to yourself and to the casualty. ?Never put yourself at risk. Make area safe. Protect the casualty from danger. ?Be aware of your limitations. Assess all casualties and give emergency aid ?Assess each casualty to determine treatment priorities, and treat those with life-threatening conditions first. Get help ?Quickly ensure that any necessary specialist has been summoned and is on the way QUALITIES OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER †¢Be resourc eful at all times. †¢Be sympathetic and empathetic to your casualty. †¢Be smart and confident. †¢Be observant. †¢Be bold. †¢Be gentle SCOPE OF FIRST AID This is the systematic way of administering first aid;- DIAGNOSIS:- †¢History Signs †¢Symptoms CARE:- This should be given in order of priority i. e. breathing, bleeding, burns and broken bones Transportation- Arrange to convey the casualty without delay to his home, suitable shelter, hospital and or summon a doctor in any serious case. EMERGENCY RESPONSE This is another procedure taken to ensure that appropriate first aid and safety is observed while assisting a casualty. When to use it depends on the situation you find yourself. D – Danger. R – Response (A. V. P. U. i. e. Alert, voice, pain, unresponsive). A – Airway. B –Breathing (L. L. F i. e. ook, listen and feel). C -circulation THE RESUSCITATION SEQUENCE To assess and treat a casualty who has collapse use the resu scitation techniques, obtained on the following pages. If breathing and pulse return at any points place the casualty in a recovery position. The resuscitation sequence Check response ? Open airway and check breathing ? Breathe for the casualty ? Assess for circulation ? commence CPR. CHECKING RESPONSE On discovering a casualty, you should first establish whether the casualty is conscious or unconscious. Ask a simple question such as ‘’hello can you hear me’’. ’What has happened to you’’. or give a command such as’’ open your eyes’’. Speak loudly and clearly, close to the casualty’s ear. OPEN THE AIRWAY An unconscious casualty’s airway may become narrowed or blocked. This makes breathing difficult and noisy or completely impossible. The main reason for this is that muscular control in the throat is lost, which allows the tongue to fall back and block the airway. Lifting the chin and tilting the head back lifts the tongue away from the entrance to the air passage, allowing the casualty to breathe. To open the airway – Place two fingers under the point of the casualty’s chin lift the jaw. At the same time, place your other hand on the casualty’s forehead and gently tilt the head well back. CHECKING BREATHING ?Kneel besides the casualty and put your face close to his mouth. ?Look, listen and feel for breathing. ?Look along the chest to see if the chest rises and falls, indicating breathing. ?Listen for sounds of breathing. ?Feel for breath on your cheek. ?Do these checks for up to ten seconds before deciding that breathing is absent. BREATHE FOR THE CASUALTY )Look into the mouth and remove any obvious obstruction including broken or displaced dentures from the mouth. Leave well fitted dentures in place. 2)Open the airway by tilting the head and using two fingers to lift the chin. 3)Close the casualty’s nose by pinching it with your index finger and thumbs. Take a full breathe and place your lips around his mouth, making a good seal. 4)Blow into your casualty’s mouth until you see the chest rise. Take about two seconds for full inflation. 5)Remove your lips and allow the chest to fall fully, which takes about four seconds. Repeat this once and then assess for signs of circulation. If pulse is absent and there are no sign of recovery such as any movement, swallowing, coughing or breathing, begin cardio pulmonary resuscitation. If breathing returns, place the casualty in the recovery position. ASSESSING FOR CIRCULATION Check the pulse for up to ten seconds, during which, look for other signs of recovery such as movement, breathing, swallowing and coughing. If you cannot find the pulse or there are no other signs of circulation, Begin chest compressions immediately. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) If there is no pulse, this means that the heart has stopped beating and you will have to provide an artificial circulation by means of chest compression. To be of any use, this process must always be combined with artificial ventilation. This procedure is known as Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation or CPR for short. If both you and your helper have been trained to administer C. P. R, you can do so together. GIVING CHEST COMPRESSIONS ?Kneel beside the casualty locate one of his lowermost ribs with the index and middle finger. Slide your finger along the ribs to the point where lowermost ribs meet at the breast bone. Place the heel of your other hand on the breast bone and slide it down until it reaches your index finger. This is the point at which you should apply pressure. ?Place the heel of your first hand on top of the other hand and inter lock your fingers. ?Leaning well over the casualty with your arms straight, press vertically down and depress the breast bone approximately 4-5cm, r elease the pressure without removing your hands. Compress the chest 30 times aiming for a rate of about 100 compressions per minute. Then give two artificial ventilations. Continue this cycle of alternating 30 chest compressions with two breaths of artificial ventilation until help arrives. CPR FOR A CHILD AND A BABY The same resuscitation sequence is applicable for a child but alternate five chest compressions with one breath of artificial ventilation. For one minute before calling an ambulance. Position your hand as you would for an adult but use heel of one hand only. For a baby under one year, place the tip of finger on the lower breast bone. Do this five times at a rate of 100 per minute Give one full breath of artificial ventilation, by breathing into the baby’s mouth and nose. How to cite First Aid, Papers

War Photography Carol Ann Duffy free essay sample

War Photographer Commentary Carol Ann Duffy’s poem ‘War Photographer’ published in 1985, explores the two contrasting worlds in which a war photographer lives in: the warzones of Belfast, Beirut and Phnom Penh and his calm home town in Rural England. This poem was based on Duffy’s numerous conservations with Don McCullin, an internationally known British photojournalist who specialised in war photography and urban poverty also known as the ‘the underside of society’. By sharing his experiences, Duffy evokes both disturbing and conflicting feelings for the reader. Today I intend to discuss how she achieves this through the use of literary techniques like imagery, symbolism and metaphors, the reoccurring themes of death and the effects of war, the tone and the structure of the poem. Duffy uses techniques like metaphors, symbolism and imagery. These techniques are very effective as they create a clear vision of what the speaker is both doing and reflecting on in the poem. We will write a custom essay sample on War Photography Carol Ann Duffy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example in stanza one, â€Å"with spools of suffering set out in ordered rows† creates an image of the graves or coffins of the dead soldiers. However the ‘spools of suffering’ also acts as a metaphor demonstrating the effects of war. This is because ‘spools’ often relates to happy memories but in this poem Duffy uses it to convey sad and distressing memories. In the next line Duffy uses symbolism, â€Å"only light is red†, with the ‘red’ symbolising blood and the use of ‘only’ suggesting that he is deeply scared by what he has witnessed. Through these techniques, Duffy has clearly portrayed the photographer’s memories, disturbing the reader as well as emphasising the themes of death and the effects of warfare. The main themes in this poem are death and the effects of war as they appear in every stanza. Duffy uses these themes to make the reader question who is really inhumane; the photographer or the audience. She uses ambiguous lines like in stanza three, â€Å"a half ghost. /He remembers the cries†. This line emphasises these themes of death and the effects of war, as it suggests that the photographer is deeply distressed as it highlights the inner battle he encounters when developing the photos. The use of the word ‘ghost’ also holds a double meaning, suggesting a faint image or dead man. The theme of the effects of war is also highlighted in lines three to five of stanza two, â€Å"Home again/ to ordinary pain which simple weather dispel, /to fields which don’t explode beneath the feet†. These lines emphasis the theme as it conveys the photographer’s struggles to adapt back into his normal life in Rural England. These reoccurring themes create a depressing tone, making the reader sympathetic but only for a short time. â€Å"The reader’s eyeballs prick† in stanza four, shows the short lived sympathy and reflects how the public feel when they see these images in the Sunday paper as for a while they are reminded of their neighbours suffering but by lunchtime they have forgotten what they had learnt. ‘War Photographer’ was constructed using a modern structure of 4 stanzas of sestets (6 lines). Within in each stanza there are two pairs of rhyming couplets, line 2, 3 and 5, 6. These rhyming couplets like â€Å"then†, â€Å"again† and â€Å"must, â€Å"dust†; engages the reader and also make it easy to read/follow. Duffy also divides the stanzas into different scenes or memories of the photographer’s life and job, for example in stanza one he is reflecting on the war zone whilst in stanza two in three he is developing the photos or ‘doing his job’. These different stanzas give the reader more insight into his world as a war photographer. In conclusion War Photographer evokes both disturbing and conflicting feelings for the reader, which Duffy achieves through the use of literary techniques like imagery, symbolism and metaphors, the reoccurring themes of death and the effects of war and the tone and structure of the poem. Bibliography

Communication Style Of Ma Essays - Social Psychology, Gender Role

Communication Style of Ma annon There are two genders----man and woman in the world. Though these two gender live in the same culture, there are many differences between them, include communication style. The communication means that speech in life. If someone let you listen a dialogue that the same sound. I think you can discrininatefrom the speech content and style, who is man, who is woman. both man and women like boasting. but the express way is different. for example, a man want to boast himself how ^?^?., he will say directly. but woman want to boast herself how beautifully, she won^?t express directly like man do. she will say how many man like her, how many man date her^?.that means she is a pretty woman. In addition, if woman want show her money, she won^?t to say directly how much money she had, she will change topic of conversation, like^?how much her clothes, her car and her jewelry. Another way in which man^?s and woman^?s communication differ is body ^?language. All people have known that woman like cry. why? woman likes use body-language to express her mood. because she can^?t express directly. If man felt unhappy or happy, he will say directly. but woman won^?t be. She uses cry to display her bad mo ., so sometimes, you can^?t know what^?s reason let she cry. In brief, man ......... [Part 2, Text/HTML (charset: ISO-8859-1 Latin 1) 79 lines] [Unable to print this part]

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using teams for sales

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using teams for sales Teamwork is the ability to recognize the complexities of a task and identifying a group of individuals with the mix of talents needed to work harmoniously towards the achievement of that task. Teamwork as a business model is gaining a lot of support in managing a business organization, especially in making effective sales team.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on What are the advantages and disadvantages of using teams for sales? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It helps the team to share knowledge and experience. Effective sales teams are realized, when employees meet on regular basis to discuss progress while identifying problems encountered. The solutions to these problems are sort from within the team, thus enhancing teamwork (Gould para 2). This consultation is also important, as each team member is part of decision-making. This makes the achievement of group task easier. Teams are also important as they help o rganizations avoid duplication of roles by partnering people. Teams also help a company to work within its budget to achieve its objective, as each member has several targets therefore reaching a wider client base. However, it has been noted that it is very difficult to implement teams. This is so when a sales team leader directly supervises the team and rewards team members individually, thus encouraging competition rather than collaboration. Teamwork also hinders opportunities for individual success where the organization rewards the whole group. All recognition goes to the group rather than outstanding individuals thus no individual effort is recognized, rewarded and appraised. Some companies have self-regulating teams. Such freedom can hinder success, as there is limited evaluation and accountability of individual team members (Sorrow para 5). Despite the challenges, teamwork achieves more in complicated task that needs combined skills and talents. Team members are also able to assist each other therefore reaching group objectives easily. What differences are apparent in how these two organizations approach Teamwork? How would these differences impact team effectiveness?Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The two organizations have adopted different approaches to teamwork in the following manner. The electrical supplier partners two people who work together at a specific task. This encourages team members to help each other in accomplishing the task. There are no individual roles for individual team members, thus team partners must work together until a task is accomplished. On the other hand, the radio sales team has five members. Every member has own sale accounts they manage. While the sales team at the radio station has very limited supervision and consults the senior manager only when deciding on matters that would affect the entir e radio station, the electrical supplier team works under the lead sales engineer, who oversees the implementation of sales efforts. The self-regulation of the sales team at the radio station ensures that each individual makes own decisions that only affect their accounts. Sharing of responsibilities is kept to a minimum. However, teamwork is enhanced during weekly meetings when members share challenges, and solutions are sort from within the group. These weekly meetings help individual team members make decisions in managing individual accounts. At the electrical supplier, teamwork effectiveness is the responsibility of the lead sale engineer as each individual is inclined towards individual achievement rather than teamwork. Rewarding of individual success at the electrical supplier hampers teamwork thus the difficulty in its implementation. In contrast, rewarding the entire team enhances teamwork. Progress at the radio station is the responsibility of every member, who must accoun t to the group on weekly basis. At the electrical supplier, teamwork is less effective because the lead sales engineer manages individuals inclined towards competing with each other, rather than collaboration. Gould, Rennie. â€Å"Is Teamwork in Sales Important?† EzineArticles. 2000. February 03, 2011 http://ezinearticles.com/expert/Rennie_Gould/654379 Sorrow, Matthew. â€Å"Team Work Advantages and Disadvantages† EzineArticles. 2000. February 03, 2011 http://ezinearticles.com/expert/Matthew_Sorrow/77922

Summary of Steve Jobs Book chapter from 1 to 30 Essay

Summary of Steve Jobs Book chapter from 1 to 30 - Essay Example Reading the book of Issacson, we get to know that Steve Jobs had the ability to predict the future prospect of the world of information technology, which was the main reason behind his success. Let us now get an overview of the biography of Steve Jobs from the book of Walter Issacson in order to get a good understanding of his life, personality, and leadership style. Steve Jobs was born in San Francisco in 1955. However, his original parents had to put him for adoption as his parents were not married at that time and his mother’s parents were not ready to accept that relationship between his parents. Therefore, Paul and Clara Jobs, who belonged to a lower middle class family, adopted him. Jobs never considered them as adoptive parents. He always talked about them as his original parents. The initial living environment was very influencing for him as he grew up among engineers who used to work with electric equipments at their garages. Due to this environment, Jobs developed his interest in the field of electronics (Issacson). Issacson mentioned in his book that Jobs was a brilliant student at school. It is obvious if one looks at the class performances and results of Jobs. In 1962, Jobs graduated from high school and took admission in the Reed College. Jobs wanted to excel in his educational career but his family’s poor financial status did not let his do so. Jobs even had to discontinue his college education because of this reason (Issacson). Jobs started his professional career in 1974 as a technician for Atari, Inc. In 1976, Steve Jobs and his friend, Steve Wozniak, opened the Apple Computer Company to start their own business. Both of them had a good knowledge of technology. Using that knowledge, they invented the first ever Apple computer with the financial assistance of engineer Mike Markkula and planned to put it up for sale. He worked for his company

Methods for Resolving Small Scale Systems Problems Essay

Methods for Resolving Small Scale Systems Problems - Essay Example They refer to the interaction between people, processes, data and technology. The dynamism of the society’s needs creates different system challenges at every turn (Hitchins, 2006). As the world grows and becomes more networked, so do the challenges that the systems face. In addition, with this growth, adaption and integration, the problems and challenges increase in size and complexity. With these problems, different principles and methodologies have been put in place to solve them. Problems with Large scale systems Large scale systems refer to software intensive systems with large amounts of hardware, processes, users and user data. With this kind of scale, many problems arise. Examples of large scale systems include: the Department of Defense, the global financial markets and the healthcare system among others. Some of the problems that arise in large scale systems include: problems caused by human interaction; these are caused by the users of the system. High number of use rs that interact with the systems causes a large number of problems. These problems may cause the failure of the whole system. This kind of problem can be solved by making the interaction between the user and the system user friendly. This will reduce the number of errors that will be encountered. The system must also be designed in a way that can evolve to fit the needs of all the users and accommodate the evolving trends and changes. Another problem faced is when the design of the system is laid out in a manner that is too tech-centric and doesn’t input many factors. When a system is being designed, for it to be effective, it should take into consideration people, the nature of the organization and other factors such as social considerations. When all these things have been considered, any problems arising from these factors can easily be handled. Small scale problems solved with large scale principles Small-scale systems are the systems that have a small number of users, l imited processes and an easily manageable amount of data. These systems are those found within organizations, small firms and fairly small settings. Though their resources are easily manageable, they still encounter problems just like any other system. And some of the problems they face are like those faced by large systems and can be solved by large systems principles. One of the problems faced is miscommunication; when communication channels break down in a system, problems are encountered and errors that can cause system failure arise. In large-scale systems, the people design principle works in that the people using the system are incorporated (Skyttner, 2006). This can help solve a problem in communication, in the sense that people will design communications protocols that will be convenient for them, hence, less likely to break down. Another principle used is the purpose principle focuses on dealing with only relevant issues and removing the irrelevant ones so as not to lose t rack of the problem. This applies in small scale systems, in that whenever a problem arises, without the irrelevant aspects, the problem is promptly solved because the probability of working on the wrong problem is highly reduced. The systems principle works on the notion that every problem is part of a larger system (Skyttner, 2006). In order to solve the problem, all the dynamics of the components that make up the system must be known and incorporated. In a

West Side Story And Romeo And Juliet Film Studies Essay

West Side Story And Romeo And Juliet Film Studies Essay West Side Story is an American musical written by Arthur Laurents, music by Leonard Bernstein, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and choreography by Jerome Robbins. It is said to be a rendition of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. West Side Story and Romeo and Juliet have a number of similarities and differences in many ways. The play, Romeo and Juliet, is set in Verona in about 1594.   In contrast, West Side Story takes place in New York City in 1957.   Most of the characters in West Side Story can be seen as a modernized version of many characters in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Tony can be seen as Romeo, Maria as Juliet, The Jets as Montagues, The Sharks as Capulets, Anita as the Nurse, Riff as Mercutio, Bernardo as Tybalt, Doc as both Friar Laurence and Balthasar, Chino as Paris, The Police as Prince, Anybodys and Baby John as Benvolio. Many scenes in West Side Story and Romeo and Juliet have very close parallels connection. The confrontation between the gangs at the beginning of We st Side Story can be seen as a parallel to the 3rd civil brawl scene in Romeo and Juliet, dance at the gym as party at the Capulet house, fire escape scene as balcony scene, mock wedding at the bridal shop as wedding at Friar Laurences cell, rumble underneath the bridge as duels between Mercutio, Tybalt and Romeo, and Anitas mock rape scene as nurse abandons Juliet by urging her to marry Paris. In addition to the similar connection between the characters and the scene, the theme of male dominate patriarchal society appears to be one of the major theme throughout both plays. Romeo and Juliet has been criticized by many critics as having strong gender roles. According to an article written by Professor Jeanne Gerlach, Professor Rudolph Almasy, and Professor Rebecca Daniel, the men are expected to carry themselves with honor and pride. Anything the man or the head of the family wanted would be put into motion as soon as he finished saying the words. In contrast, a womans typical role and characteristic of that time period was weak, subservient, always holding her words when it came to decision making, and be obedience to the husband and father. At the beginning of Romeo and Juliet when one of the Capulets servants, Sampson said, And therefore women, being the weaker vessels, are ever thrust to the wall; therefore I will push Montagues men from the wall, and thrust his maids to the wall.(I, 1, 15) These words from Sampson is further reinforcing a typical stereotypical Renaissance thinking which suggests that women are weaker in physically, emotionally, intellectually and morally in nature and they exist for male sexual gratification only. Similar, such thinking on woman can also be found at a parallel scene in West Side Story during the confrontation between the Jets and Sharks at the beginning. After the character, Anybody, express her interest in joining the gang and that she could fight as good and strong as the men does to Riff, one of the Jets wannabes start making fun of her sexually or mocks her undesirability then Riff sends her away by telling her to beat it. Such action done by the Jets also further reinforcing the stereotypical thinking and inequality between the man and the woman. Another example of how Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story further reinforcing genders roles within the male dominate society can be seen in the rumble between the Sharks and the Jets underneath the bridge scene. After the Rumble, Anybodys treat to act as Tonyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s unofficial protector. Even though she was not physically present during the rumble between the Sharks and the Jets, she seems to be lurking in and out from shadow and only appear as the most useful person or tool when the man, Tony in the scene, in urgent need of her to help rescue him from the police after all the other Jets fled the scene without him. In fact, she refuses to leave without him by repeatedly shouting Come on, Tony! until he escapes with her. Such action perform by Anybody could be seen as a reinforcement on gender roles. A woman, the wife or daughter, should remain loyal and obedience to the man, husband or father, even if everyone else are not doing the same. Such loyalty that the society is s eeking the woman should have also appeared in the scene where Juliet learns the news that Romeo has killed her cousin from the nurse. Nurse: Will you speak well of him that killd your cousin Juliet: Shall I speak ill of him that is my husband? Ah, poor my lord, what tongue shall smooth thy name when I, thy three-hour wife, have mangled it? (III, 2, 105) Juliet is showing her loyalty to her husband, Romeo, even when the nurse is blaming Romeo for Tybalts death. In conclusion, both Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story both reinforcing the idea that the womans typical role and characteristic of that time period was weak, subservient, always holding her words when it came to decision making, and be obedience to the husband and father. In contrast, a mans typical roles and characteristic should be masculine and powerful and expected to carry themselves with honor and pride. In Romeo and Julie, Mercutio and Tybalts death were a result of a man defending the mans pride and honor. The death of Bernardo in West Side Story was also a result of the men defending the mens honor and pride. We can see these values that the society put on us being employed in both Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story.

Nutrition topic

This is one of the vitamins that form food supplement for man: others are Vitamin B1 [thiamin], Vitamin B2 [riboflavin], vitamin B3 [niacin], vitaminB5 [pantothenic acid], folic acid and vitamin B6 [pyridoxine]. These are important supplements that are required for the maintenance of metabolism in the organisms; they act as coenzymes and cofactors in various anabolic and catabolic reactions essential for the survival of cells, and the organism [1.4]. Of peculiar interest for this article is Vitamin B12. The reason for choice of this, among other things is because of the devastating medical cases including neural tube defects, irreversible Vitamin B12 neuropathy that may arise as a result of deficiency. It would be considered under the following headings: source, metabolism [structure, absorption, transport, biochemical function] and deficiency. SOURCE The vitamin is only available in animal sources. It is synthesized by microbes; animals acquire it by eating other animal foods, by internal production from intestinal bacterial flora. Its sources include food of animal origin, such as meat, fish, dairy products, liver. It does not occur in plant sources: cereals, fruits or vegetables [1]. METABOLISM STRUCTURE [1]: There are a variety of forms in which Vitamin B12 exists: as methylcobalamin in human plasma, as deoxyadenosylcobalamin in human tissue, as hydroxocobalamin for treatment, and cyanocobalamin in study of Vitamin B12 activity. All have the same basic structure: cobalt is at the centre of a corrin ring which is attached to a nucleotide. ABSORPTION: A normal diet contains a large excess of vitamin B12 compared with daily needs. B12 is combined with the parietal cell-produced glycoprotein, intrinsic factor. The IF-B12 complex binds to a specific receptor in the distal ileum called Cubilin. Vitamin B12 is absorbed here at the distal ileum. TRANSPORT: Vitamin B12 is absorbed into portal blood through the circulation from the intestine to the liver via the portal vein. Here it becomes attached to the plasma-binding protein transcobalamin II [TCII] which delivers B12 to the bone marrow and other tissues, where it is utilized for biosynthetic functions [4]. BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION: Vitamin B12 is a coenzyme for two biochemical reactions in the body. First, it acts in the form of methylcobalamin as a cofactor for methionone synthase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine; methyl tetrahydrofolate is used as methyl donor during the reaction. Second, it acts as deoxyadenosylB12 where it acts as cofactor for the conversion of methylmalonyl conenzyme A to succinyl coA [4]. DEFICIENCY CAUSES: In this part of the world, perincious anemia is the commonest cause of Vitamin B12 deficiency [3]. In this condition, autoimmune reactions on the gastric mucosa cause production of antibodies against parietal cell products, intrinsic factor and its receptors; females are more affected and it is usually associated with other autoimmune conditions such as vitiligo, Hashimoto thyroiditis, thyrotoxicosis, etc. Other causes include malabsorption secondary to gastrectomy, congenital abnormailtiy of the IF, chronic tropical sprue, Crohn’s disease, intestinal stagnant loop syndrome such as stricture [4]. EFFECTS: Vitamin B12 deficiency causes megaloblastic anaemia [2]; it features include signs and symptoms of anaemis such as anorexia, easy fatiguability, pallor of skin and mucous membrane and malaise. Others are glossitis, angular stomatitis, purpura and lemon-tint jaundice. Severe Vitamin B12 deficiency may cause a progressive neuropathy affecting the peripheral sensory nerves and dorsolateral columns of the spinal cord [4]. The neuropathy is usually symmetrical and affects the lower limbs than the upper limbs. These changes are irreversible. The cause of this is usually accumulation of s-adenosyl homocysteine in nervous tissue. In a pregnant woman, the fetus is predisposed to neural tube defects [4]. LABORATORY FINDINDS: Blood file shows macrocytosis; the mean corpuscularf volume > 95fL. The macrocytes are oval. There are hypersegmented neutrophils, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia [1]. TREATMENT: Diagnosis is confirmed by absorption tests including schilling test. treatment is by taking Vitamin B12 preparations [1]. REFERENCES Vitamin B12. www.mayoclinic.com/health/vitamin-B12/NS_patient-vitaminb12   Chanarin I. [1970] The Megaloblastic anaemias. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. Toh B-H, Van Driel I.R and Gleeson P.A. [1997] Pernicious Anaemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 337: 1441-8. Mehta A.B.   and Hoffbrand A.V. Haematology at a Glance. 2000.   

A Chip of Glass Ruby Responses

A Chip Of Glass Ruby Written Responses 11. I would describe Bamjee as aloof and proud. Aloof because he doesn’t show his emotions very much or say how he’s feeling or talk to his stepchildren very much. Showing his true feelings only this one time, Bamjee reveals his opinions when the police come to arrest his wife for participating in and promoting a cause that he is opposed to. Before and after that outburst of his though he really is rather distant and detached from his family and what’s going on.As aloof as Bamjee is, he is also quite proud. He is proud that wealthy and influential people are coming and going through his house, but he is even more proud of his ethnicity. He is proud because he is Indian which means he is of a higher social status than the Bantu. 12. When Mrs. Bamjee was taken away by the police she reminded Bamjee about Ismail’s, Mrs. Bamjee’s daughter Girlie’s fiance’s, engagement party.This shows that even in the midst of the arrest she keeps her cool and remains the good and normal wife that Bamjee fell in love with by reminding him of something as insignificant as an engagement party. Protesting and promoting equality, she is still a simple Indian woman who wants the best for her family and to respect the values of others (in this case, making sure not to offend Ismail by not showing up to his party). 13. In South Africa the social classes are prominent barricades from equality in the country.Having the highest social status, the whites remain the most powerful while the Indians, like Bamjee, are below them and even lower are the Bantu, the native people of South Africa. Bamjee considers himself better than the Bantu and this is showed in the story when he snaps at her â€Å"There you are! That’s what you’ve got for it. † ‘It’ referring to her helping organize the protests and getting involved in the issues of the Bantu. Another part of the story that dem onstrates Bamjee’s belief of his superiority over the Bantu is after Mrs.Bamjee has been arrested and gone for two weeks. Bamjee is talking to himself out of rage saying â€Å"For a crowd of natives who’ll smash our shops and kill us in our houses when their time comes. †, â€Å"She will starve herself to death. †, â€Å"She will die there. †, â€Å"Devils who will burn and kill us. † Clearly he believes that his wife must not be acting so ridiculous for people she is better than and clearly he believes the Bantu to be devilish creatures.

7 Steps for Writing a Paper on an Environmental Issue

Are you a student tasked with writing a research paper on an environmental issue? These few tips, along with some hard and focused work, should get you most of the way there. 1. Find a topic Look for a topic that speaks to you, that grabs your attention. Alternatively, choose a topic about which you are genuinely interested in learning more. It will be a lot easier to spend time working on something of interest to you. Here are some places you can find ideas for a paper: Of course, here on About.com’s Environmental Issues site. Browse the front page to see if a topic grabs your attention, or go to more specific content hubs like these ones:Global warmingBiodiversityDeforestationFossil fuelsWater PollutionEcologyThe science or environment sections of major newspapers and news organizations will feature articles about current environmental news and events.Environmental news websites like Grist or Environmental News Network. 2. Conduct research Are you using internet resources? Make sure you can assess the quality of the information you find. This article from Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab is useful to help with assessing the quality of your sources. Print resources are not to be neglected. Visit your school or city library, learn how to use their search engine, and talk to your librarian about accessing the resources available. Are you expected to constrain your sources to primary literature? That body of knowledge consists of peer-reviewed articles published in scientific journals. Consult your librarian for help with accessing the proper databases to reach those articles. 3. Follow instructions Carefully read the handout or prompt given to you and which contains instructions about the assignment. Early in the process, make sure you choose a topic that will satisfy the assigned requirements. Once half-way through the paper, and once when it’s done, check it against the instructions to make sure you didn’t drift away from what was required. 4. Start with a solid structure First craft a paper outline with your main ideas organized, and a thesis statement. A logical outline will make it easy to gradually flesh out ideas and eventually produce complete paragraphs with good transitions between them. Make sure all the sections serve the purpose of the paper outlined in the thesis statement. 5. Edit After you have a good draft produced, put the paper down, and don’t pick it up until the next day. It’s due tomorrow? Next time, start working on it earlier. This break will help you with the editing stage: you need fresh eyes to read, and re-read your draft for flow, typos, and a myriad other little problems. 6. Pay attention to formatting Along the way, check that you are following your teacher’s formatting instructions: font size, line spacing, margins, length, page numbers, title page, etc. A poorly formatted paper will suggest to your teacher that not only the form, but the content is of low quality as well. 7. Avoid plagiarism First, make sure you know what plagiarism is, you can then more easily avoid it. Pay especially close attention to properly attributing the work you cite. For More Information Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Writing a Research Paper.