Criticism And Analysis Of Puddn Head Wilson - 800 Words

Criticism and Analysis of Puddn’head Wilson In American history, we have good authors, great authors and some bad. One of the most famous authors and probably the greatest that everyone has heard of is Mark Twain. Twain was an American author and humorist in American Literature. Twain was born in Florida, Missouri, on November 30, 1835. In his first writing, he adopted his pen-name from a well-known call of the man sounding the river in shallow places. In 1861 he went to Carson City, Nevada, as secretary to his brother. For two years he edited papers and moved from place to place. In 1867 he visited France, Italy and Palestine. Twains two greatest masterpieces, Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn were drawn from his childhood experiences and the life on the Mississippi frontier. Mark Twain has a legacy as an American author because of his books like Huckleberry Fin and Pudd’nhead Wilson. He put his self in the American popular culture of literature. Twains novels and stories are popular in the media. His work has been remade into comic strips, children’s films, and cartoons. His image and his words have also figured in commercial advertising campaigns. He is one of the greatest. Geneva Cobb Moore is a former Scholar of American and African American Literature at the University of Ghana and Professor of English and Women s Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater. Caucasia’s migrating bodies: lessons in American history and postmodernism is an article written by

Introduction to Epidemiology-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Calculate the sensitivity and specificity of pooled ear notch PCR, using the AC-ELISA results as your gold standard. 2.Initially your gold standard for pooled ear notch PCR was AC-ELISA tests on individual animals, and herds were classified as infected if at least one cow tested positive on AGID. If you changed your gold-standard definition, classifying a herd as infected if at least two cows tested positive on AC-ELISA, how might that affect your evaluation of the ear-notch PCR 3.Assume that about 15% of the 500 herds in your region are infected with BVD a.What would the predictive value of a pooled ear-notch PCR test be for the region? b.What is the probability that a herd testing negative in your region is actually uninfected? Answers: 1.Sensitivity defines the ability of classify correctly of a test on a disease of an individual. Mathematically expressed as Sensitivity= a/a+c where a is true positive, and a+c is true positive + true negative. The result gives the probability of an individual or animal being tested positive in case of the presence of a disease. Using the provided statistics; the sensitivity = 68/68+11 =0.883 which is equivalent to 88.3%. This means the probability of the BVD disease of the herds of 97 cattle was 88.3% attack level. Specificity tests if an individual or an animal is free from a disease. It helps in the identification and correct testing to ascertain that an individual is not suffering from a disease Specificity is mathematically expressed as d/b+d where d=true negative, b+d= true negative+ false positive. From specificity calculations, the probability of being tested negative for a disease in an individual or animal is determined. From the given data, the specificity is calculated as; 20/20+11=0.645 which is equivalent to 64.5%. This means 64.5% of the beef cattle tested disease free of BVD on AC-ELISA test. 2.A hypothetically ideal gold standard definition test would always give a return of 100% on the sensitivity with regard to the prevailing disease that is under test(Howlett, 2013). This it does by identifying all the animals using a proper defined disease processes and does not give any false-negative results. Such a gold standard test also offers 100% of specificity. Such specificity does not identify an individual to be suffering from a condition that he does not suffer from in the real sense. In other words such specificity does not offer any false-positive results. This is not the normally observable gold standard tests available in practice but instead imperfect standards. By changing the gold standard test from classifying a herd as infected if one cow is infected to two cows to be classified as infected, the accuracy of the gold standard test on the evaluation of the ear-notch PCR would be compromised(Howlett, 2013). By increasing the number of animals that would determine positive classification for infection, the test would not be analyzing individual animals. This would translate to wholesome interpretation and conclusion thereby lowering the accuracy of the gold standard test. An ideal gold standard test returns 100% on both specificity and sensitivity. These returns are only achievable if the tests are done on each and every animal from the herd in which the evaluation was being conducted. An increase in the number of animals that is used in the classification of a positive result of either of the test does not allow for proper identification and study of an animal in the possible aspects and disease processes(Jekel, 2015). The chances of falsely identifying an animal with a disease or condition it does not have is increased if the number of animals is increased that is as the number of animals are increased, the level of accuracy of the gold standard test decreases. 3.The predictive values are either positive or negative. Positive predictive values indicate the number of animals from the herd that actually have the BVD disease while negative predictive values determines the number of animals from the region that have tested negative and do not have the disease in their bodies. Positive predictive value, PPV=a/a+b where a is true positive a+b is true positive+ false positive using the provided statistics once again for the calculations; the true positive is 15% of 500 animals=75 animals 75/75+425=0.15 which is an equivalent of 15%. This means a probability of 0.15 of a positive test if any one of the 500 animals in the region would be tested for BVD disease. b.The probability of a herd from the 500 animals testing negative is actually uninfected is determined by calculating the negative predictive value of the population which is estimated from the expression; NPV= d/c+d where d is true negative, c+d is false negative + true negative =425/75+425 =0.85 which in an equivalent of 85% of the animals. It means 85% of the 500 animals would test negative and would actually be uninfected in case a test is done. References Howlett, B. (2013). Evidence Based Practice for Health Professionals. New York: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Jekel, J. F. (2015). Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences.

Realism And Theatre Essays - Films, Drama, 19th-century Theatre

Realism And Theatre Realism is the movement toward representing reality as it is, in art. Realistic drama is an attempt to portray life on stage, a movement away from the conventional melodramas and sentimental comedies of the 1700s. It is expressed in theatre through the use of symbolism, character development, stage setting and storyline and is exemplified in plays such as Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House and Anton Chekhov's The Three Sisters. The arrival of realism was indeed good for theatre as it promoted greater audience involvement and raised awareness of contemporary social and moral issues. It also provided and continues to provide a medium through which playwrights can express their views about societal values, attitudes and morals. A Doll's House is the tragedy of a Norwegian housewife who is compelled to challenge law, society and her husband's value system. It can be clearly recognized as a realistic problem drama, for it is a case where the individual is in opposition to a hostile society. Ibsen's sympathy with the feminine cause has been praised and criticized; as he requires the audience to judge the words and actions of the characters in order to reassess the values of society. The characters in A Doll's House are quite complex and contradictory, no longer stereotypes. In Act II, Nora expresses her repulsion about a fancy dress worn to please Torvald (her husband): "I wish I'd torn it to pieces"; she attempts to restore it and resign herself to her situation right after: "I'll ask Mrs Linde to help". In Act III, Torvald ignores his wife's plea for forgiveness in order to make a moral judgement: "You've killed my happiness.You've destroyed my future". "I can never trust you again." Later on in the same act, he contradicts himself: "I'll change. I can change-"; much after Nora confronts him: "Sit here, Torvald. We have to come to terms". "...There's a lot to say". Here, Ibsen shows us he has worked in depth with the psychology of the characters, giving them a sense of complexity and realism. Playgoers therefore recognize the revelation of characters through memory. Thus drama became an experience closely impinging on the conscience of the audience. Ibsen was also unique for his use of symbolism to assist realism on stage. Symbolic significance is presented through the detail of design, props and actions of the characters. For example, in Act III, Nora goes offstage to get changed; "I'm changing. No more fancy dress". It is a symbolic representation of her personal change, one where she has come to the realization that she has been living the life of a doll, confined to the roles of a "featherbrain", "plaything", "dove", "skylark" and "songbird". Thus, symbolism enhanced realism, and its effect can be seen as positive in the sense that it stirred conscious awareness of values. The stage settings of A Doll's House are an integral part of the theatrical design, and not mere d?cor to be overlooked. The setting in Act II; "...the Christmas tree stands stripped of its decorations and with its candles burnt to stumps" is symbolic of the lack of happiness in Nora's life at that moment. Also the change of setting in Act III; "The tables and chairs have been moved centre" foreshadows a character change that will take place in Nora. The many references to doors also have significance beyond the stage directions. The play begins with the opening of the door and finishes with the "slamming" of the door. Nora enters the doll's house with the values of society and departs from it, symbolizing her rejection of them. All these intricacies of play settings and characters depict realism on stage. Ultimately, it has been good for theatre because it presents the playwright's ideas in interesting and original ways. Realism, as expressed through symbolism, also draws the attention of the audience, thus stimulating moral thought, and stirring reaction. Realism is also defined as art-imitating life (source). This is a fitting account of Anton Chekhov's plays, for they tend to show the stagnant, helpless quality of Russian society in the late C19th. Quite evident in The Three Sisters, when Tuzenbakh illustrates realism; "The suffering we see around us these days - and there's plenty of it - is at least a sign that society has reached a certain moral level." Hence, while the portrayal of life here seemed 'gloomy and pessimestic', it was still good for theatre in that it presented issues which audiences could identify with. It was also more intellectual theatre when the playwright could express their views, compared with the conventional

Business and ethics essay part 2

Business and ethics essay part 2 Business and ethics essay part 2 Business and ethics essay part 2Business and ethics   essay part  1Joe Stratford, the narrator of the book was the average realtor before he has got acquainted with Marcus Burns. Joe was quite successful but Marcus has increased his ambitions enormously and raised his egoism into Joe. Joe led a routine life before he has got acquainted with Marcus, who opened the world of great opportunities for Joe, who has already been quite a prosperous person.In such a way, the egoism of the main character has proved to be stronger than his reason. At any rate, in pursuit of even greater wealth he agrees to the partnership of Marcus, which he expected to bring him exorbitant profits. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that Joe was just the mere puppet in hands of Marcus, who used him to make the deal and launch the partnership, which he believed to be prospective and potentially beneficial.Even though Marcus pretends to be friendly with Joe, as his business partner, he apparently does not care about anyone but himself as is the case of the main characters of Glengarry Glen Ross. The egoism of Marcus, as the milestone of his ethics and system of values, becomes obvious, when the partnership’s failure becomes obvious. In fact, the business run by Marcus and Joe is apparently falling apart and future prospects of the company are questionable. In such a situation, Marcus flees and takes all the money of the company with him. In such a way, he betrays his business partner and flees leaving Joe no hope for survival of their business anymore.In such a situation, the egoism of Marcus is obvious and he does not care about anyone but himself. He is apparently aware that he pushes Joe right into the abyss of bankruptcy but still he steals the money and just runs away.On the other hand, Joe is not as good as it may seem to be compared to Marcus. In fact, Joe is driven by the same egoistic concerns as Marcus is and he looks good for readers just because he is not as bad or evil as Marcus is. In this regard, he is just a good among the worst but he is definitely not good in moral terms. For instance, Joe has a love affair with Felicity, a married daughter of his mentor. Obviously, this love affair is a betrayal of his mentor but still Joe puts his personal interests, needs and wants above moral norms and laws. He easily violates them and proves to be a good student of Marcus, who teaches him to do business and live in the world of great opportunities. However, opportunities turn out to be open for the worst and most immoral persons, like Marcus because they take every opportunity regardless of the moral background of their actions. In this regard, egoism is the major, if not to say, the only moral criterion for them. What is good for the main characters of Good Faith at the moment is moral.At the same time, it is still important to place emphasis on the fact that Joe is not absolutely bad. Instead, he used to be good in a way, before he has got acquainted with Marcus. Joe was quite good. At any rate, he recognizes that he grew up in a religious family, where he learned basic moral norms of Christian community but he did not really care about them. On the other hand, he has not violated those moral norms openly before Marcus has arrived. In this regard, it is quite symbolic that his love affair with Felicity starts after his acquaintance with Marcus, as if Marcus has corrupted Joe and made him slipping to the wrong way and immoral lifestyle.In such a way, Marcus and other puppeteers from the film, like Moss, are immoral agents, who are ready to act immorally to meet their egoistic ambitions and goals. In fact, they pursue their personal interests and benefits but they turn out to be contagious in their egoism and the strife for their personal well-being regardless of needs and interests of other people. On following their lead, their puppets, like Joe, Levene and others, also turn out to be highly egoistic and pursuing their own well-being with disregard to the well-being of other people or to existing moral norms and standards.Thus, egoism turns out to be the mainstream ethical theoretical framework which determines the life, actions and decisions taken by the main characters of the film Glengarry Glen Ross and the book Good Faith. The main characters of the book and the film are quite different. Some of them look to be quite good at first, as is the case of Joe or Levene. However, under the impact of evil geniuses, like Marcus or Moss, even those characters, who seem to be good, turn out into immoral characters, who violate existing moral and ethical norms and are ready to violate legal norms and rules. In this regard, puppeteers, like Moss and Marcus, stand on the egoistic ground and view their well-being as the only moral criterion for their decisions and actions and they teach this philosophy to other characters. Remarkably, other characters learn this lesson fast and also slip to the immoral way of life. Symbolically, both the director of the film and the author of the book show that their egoistic way of life is the way to nowhere since their egoism brings them no good. On the contrary, in their pursuit of the personal well-being and success, the main characters become absolutely corrupted and ready to violate not only moral but also legal norms and rules.

75 Synonyms for Cheat, Fraud, or Trickery

75 Synonyms for Cheat, Fraud, or Trickery 75 Synonyms for â€Å"Cheat,† â€Å"Fraud,† or â€Å"Trickery† 75 Synonyms for â€Å"Cheat,† â€Å"Fraud,† or â€Å"Trickery† By Mark Nichol Human beings have developed cheating, fraud, and trickery into such a high art (or, more accurately, a low one) that, in English at least, we’ve created an extensive and colorful vocabulary to describe such activity. Here is an exhaustive but incomplete list of synonyms in noun and/or verb form for cheat, fraud, and trickery. 1. Bamboozle: to deceive or undermine 2. Beat: to cheat 3. Beguile: to deceive or trick (or to lure) 4. Bilk: one who defrauds; to defraud (or evade or frustrate) 5. Bleed: to be the victim of extortion 6. Blind: see subterfuge 7. Bluff: an act of deception or misdirection; or to undertake such an act 8. Buffalo: to deceive 9. Bunco: a game or scheme designed to cheat someone 10. Burn: to deceive 11. Chicanery: deception 12. Chisel: to engage in unfair practices 13. Chouse: to cheat or trick 14. Con: one who cheats or manipulates, or an act or operation to that end; to cheat or manipulate (from confidence) 15. Cozenage: fraud (the verb form is cozen) 16. Craft: cunning (usually employed in the adjectival form crafty) 17. Crib: a method or device for cheating on a test; to cheat, or to have the habit of cheating, in this manner 18. Diddle: see swindle (verb form only) 19–20. Do (or do in): to cheat 21. Doctor: to alter or modify deceptively 22. Dodge: an act of deceit or a trick; to deceive or trick 23. Dupe: one who fools another, or the act of fooling (as dupery, the act of fooling or the condition of being fooled); to deceive or trick 24. Duplicity: using words or actions to deceive 25. End run: an evasive maneuver or trick 26. Euchre: to cheat or trick (also the name of a card game) 27. Feint: a fake attack or blow intended to distract the target from a real assault; to make such a move 28. Fiddle: see swindle (British English; also, also, to deceive by altering or manipulating) 29. Fix: an act or instance of influencing illegally or improperly; to influence illegally or improperly 30. Fleece: to perpetrate extortion or fraud (or to charge excessively) 31. Flimflam: fraud or deceit; or to subject someone to fraud or deceit 32. Front: an entity ostensibly responsible for something but masking the identity of the entity actually engaging in an endeavor; to act as the masking agent 33. Fudge: to fake or to go beyond the bounds of proper conduct 34. Gammon: deceitful talk; to deceive or fake 35. Gaff: a fraud, trick, or gimmick; to deceive or trick or set up a fraud or trick 36. Gull: one who is easy deceived (the root of gullible); to deceive 37. Gyp: one who cheats or deceives, or an act of cheating or deception; to cheat 38 Have on: to deceive or trick (British English) 39. Hoax: an act of deception, or something intended to deceive; to trick into accepting or believing something false 40. Hose: to cheat or trick 41. Humbug: something intended to deceive, or a deceptive person or attitude (also, nonsense); to deceive 42. Hustle: the act of deception to obtain or sell something; to use deception to obtain or sell something, or to lure others to gamble 43. Jig: a trick 44. Jugglery: deception or trickery; in verb form (juggle), to deceive or trick 45. Legerdemain: to deceive by distraction or misleading (literally, â€Å"sleight of hand†) 46. Mulct: to defraud or obtain by fraud (also, a fine, or to fine) 47. Nobble: to cheat (especially, in British English, by drugging a racehorse) 48. Pluck: see fleece 49. Put on: an act of deception or trickery (the noun form is hyphenated); to deceive or trick 50. Ream: to cheat 51. Rip off: an act of cheating or fraud (the noun form is hyphenated); to cheat or defraud (or to steal or copy) 52. Rook: to defraud 53. Scam: a deceptive or fraudulent act or operation; to deceive or defraud by such action 54. Screw: to extort or trick (also, to pressure or threaten) 55. Shake down: an act of obtaining money deceptively (the noun form is a closed compound); to obtain money deceptively 56. Sham: a trick (also, hypocrisy, or a counterfeit or imitation) 57. Shell game: see thimblerig 58. Short: see shortchange 59. Shortchange: to cheat by giving less than is due, or to cheat in general 60. Skin: see fleece 61. Skulduggery: devious behavior 62. Skunk: to cheat or fail to pay 63. Snooker: to cheat 64. Snow: to deceive (or charm or persuade) 65. Sophistry: argument or reasoning intended to deceive 66. Squeeze: to extort, or obtain by extorting 67. Stick: to cheat or to overcharge or trick into paying more 68. Stiff: to cheat by refusing or failing to pay 69. Sting: an act of cheating or charging excessively; to cheat or charge excessively 70. Subterfuge: trickery to conceal or evade 71. Sucker: one who is easily cheated or deceived; to cheat or deceive 72. Swindle: an act of deception or fraud to obtain something; to obtain something by deceit or fraud 73. Smoke screen: something intended to conceal or deceive 74. Thimblerig: a trick in which a small object is moved among three overturned cups and someone attempts to identify the cup it ends up under, or the person who performs the trick; to cheat this way or in general 75. Wile: a deceitful trick (also, one that is merely clever or playful), or skill in luring or tricking others (in the sense of luring, often plural) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Cost-Effective vs. Cost-Efficient10 Techniques for More Precise Writing48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids

Webmonkey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Webmonkey - Essay Example The reason for the involvement of General Managers may be summarized as follows: Initiatives by IT managers become advantageous for the company when general managers show their participation for facilitating business processes, global expansion and initiation of new business ventures. The overall nature of business ventures has been changed with the advent of IT. â€Å"The IT and its costs are starting to make integral part of enterprise day by day.† (Balloni, 2010) Business environments have now become socio technical environments with the inclusion of IT in their domain. The usability of information is highly dependent upon how the information is managed. The collection, distribution and timely usage of information results in substantial usage and also enhances usability. Websites are often the key input arenas for businesses. Their usability is essential for businesses to enhance their customer retention. For a website to be managed properly it is essential that its architecture is structured properly. The structuring and management of a website is often referred to as information management. The structuring of information architecture cannot be completed unless essential correspondence is maintained by the business itself. Initiating with setting up of goals for the website and the scope and requirement of the organization, the audiences of the proposed web portal are assessed. It is extremely integral that the information required by audiences in incorporated within the

The Kyoto Protocol and the Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Kyoto Protocol and the Environment - Essay Example Basically, global warming is a negative environmental phenomenon that can lead to serious environmental problems, such as destruction of the environment, loss of biodiversity, and pollution. According to environmentalist Richard Dahl, global warming is an environmental problem that leads to a rise in world temperatures that is caused by the concentration of greenhouse emission gases in air (Dahl). This rise in temperatures will lead to melting of snow Mountains, which will increase sea levels (Dahl). Therefore, most environmentalists around the world agree that greenhouse gases are the primary reason behind the intensification of the global warming problem in the world. In his book, which is entitled "Global Warming: The Complete Briefing," John Houghton explains that the concentration of carbon dioxide in high air levels is the main source of global warming (Houghton, p.10). The increase in world temperatures has deadly diseases in many creatures and human beings, leading to the los s of biodiversity. As asserted by many environmentalists, the rise in temperatures has already led to â€Å"a devastating decline in coral cover, which caused a parallel decline in fish biodiversity, both in marine reserves and in areas open to fishing. Over 75% of reef fish species have declined in abundance, and 50% have declined to less than half of their original numbers† (Jones et al.). Therefore, global warming is a detrimental phenomenon that will lead to the disappearance of large parts of sea shores. Any attempt to effectively combat this phenomenon should work hard on minimizing the emission of greenhouse gases, which are the primary reason behind the increase in world temperatures.